| The complexity of graphic structure of salt mine in Aqsu, Xinjiang is result from several sea invasions and diastrophic eustatism in ancient history. The unique characteristics of microbe diversity in this spot are determined by its special environment. Also, the long history of graphic structure provides an optimum sample on the research about microbe evolution process and the mechanisms of interactions between living beings and environment. In addition, the spots we collect sample from lack of resources, such as water, alimentary materials and appropriate temperatures for organism to live. Thus, the living beings, including microorganisms, must reserve special genes and mechanisms to resist such extreme environment. In this thesis, we analyze the microbe diversity and structure of Aqsu salt mine by means of culture and uncultured methods. We anticipate the data we obtain can be one of sustention for advanced research. In microbe culture research, we isolate and purify 118 strains of bacteria and several archeae strains thorough 5 mediums, which were used to isolate microorganisms from salt mine or salt lake. The 16S rRNA gene contrast information shows that all 118 bacteria strains are distribute in 15 genus from Firmicutes, Actinobacteria andProteobacteria。The dominate group is Bacilius. Also,18 strains with low 16S rRNA gene similarity which represent potential new strains are isolated. All archeae strains we isolated belong to Haloarcula. The similarities of 16S rRNA gene are higher than 98%. We obtain 117 uncultured 16S rRNA gene from salt mine sample by means of16S rRNA gene amplification, the construction of 16S rRNA gene library and CHECK-CHIMERA analysis. All sequences are divided into 7 groups. The dominate group is Proteobacteria.
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