Study On Characteristics Of The Snow Disaster In Qinghai Plateau During Recent 50 Years

Snow disaster is a meteorological disaster that often takes place in Qinghai plateau.It not only has negative effect on animal husbandry,but also restricts the economic growth of Qinghai.In this study, Based on the real disastrous conditions of snow from 1951 to 2008 in Qinghai plateau and the snow depth data in winter and spring at 45 stations in the Qinghai Plateau from 1961 to 2008, in addition,snow cover data of MODIS of some years after 2000,by using the climate statistical and RS monitoring of snow cover method, the spatio-temporally distributive characteristics,a new snow disaster standard and RS application in the snow disaster monitoring were analyzed comprehensively. The main conclusions of the research are as follows:(1)The snow disasters of all levels in Qinghai plateau displayed a rising trend over the past 50 years except the exceptionally heavy snow disaster,and there is a peak level in 1990s of all levels of snow disaster.(2) The spatial distribution showed that The south of Qinghai Plateau (including Yushu, Guoluo, southern Huangnan, southern Hainan and eastern Haixi) is the high frequency region of snow disasters but the snow disaster occurred rarely in the Qaidam basin and eastern Qinghai.(3) From 1960s to 2008,the frequency of snow disasters has shown a generally rising trend,and the climatic tendencies of snow disaster is 1.366 times/10a,this figure also explains that in recent 50 years the rising trends of the snow disaster is prominent,it is a low frequency in 1960s and first five years in 21st century,and high frequency in1970s to the mid'1990s.(4)In Qinghai plateau,By using the death rate of the livestock that caused by the snow disaster,It is a practical standard to set the snow disaster levels.(5)To monitor the snow cover by using the EOS/MODIS data,and combine the related standard of snow disaster,it is superior to the observational data.because the RS image can reflect the real snow cover and it's characteristics of discontinuity and discreteness.it also has the high accuracy and strong objectivity.Using the RS to monitor the snow cover can make up the weakness of large margin of surface stations and lack of stations in highland.Moreover,to calculate the areas of snow cover and disaster by RS method then make the image can give the government a superior advise which conduces seasonable decision.(6) In the snow disaster prevention and reduction,we should strengthen the scientific research,and depend on the science and technology, understand the snow disaster scientifically,and make use of the grasslands reasonably.Meanwhile,we must increase the commodity rate of livestocks,combine the prevention and salvation measures to reduce the loss caused by snow disaster.At last, related departments must be strict enforcement of law,then the disaster reduction according to law can come true.