| In the context of the new era and new stage of China’s promotion of high-quality development,innovative and entrepreneurial economy,as a kind of fair competition economy with extensive participation of the public,has become an important way to promote the transformation of China’s economic development from high-speed growth to high-quality development.In terms of innovation and entrepreneurship,innovation is a developmental creative behavior that breaks through the original cognitive and practical boundaries and exists in all fields and groups of social life.The good growth of an economy depends more on the supply-side quality change,efficiency change and power change brought by the allocation of innovation to productive entrepreneurial activities.This has also made entrepreneurial activities a "new driving force" to promote economic development.In recent years,the Chinese government has continued to introduce measures to encourage mass entrepreneurship,coupled with self-employment as a new model of personal career development,which can help more individuals to change their life circumstances and realize their dreams and life values by creating surplus value.These entrepreneurial advantages and value attraction make more and more people participate in entrepreneurial activities with high entrepreneurial enthusiasm and contribute value to economic and social development.However,measuring the value created by entrepreneurial activities often can not only focus on the growth rate of new ventures,quality issues can not be ignored,China’s new venture success rate of less than 7% and high entrepreneurial activity formed a great contrast.Entrepreneurs face the situation of "creating and difficult to establish" in entrepreneurial practice,which not only kills the entrepreneurial resilience and passion of entrepreneurs,but also seriously affects the sustainable development of innovative entrepreneurial economy.Research and practice have shown that the low success rate of new ventures is usually the result of the combined effects of internal and external factors,and the enterprise being the natural extension of the entrepreneur,even if the external entrepreneurial environment can provide relatively stable support and assurance for it,the internal problems of insufficient team ability,vague opportunity awareness,and resource scarcity still severely restrict the success of entrepreneurship.In response to these problems,scholars have successively pointed out that entrepreneurial learning can help new ventures maintain high levels of performance output in the dynamic market competition environment.Although early research explored the relationships between entrepreneurial learning,entrepreneurial opportunities,and entrepreneurial resources and entrepreneurial success from the perspectives of organizational learning theory,the theory of the entrepreneurial process,and trait theory,respectively,the research still has certain limitations: First,current entrepreneurial learning research is still overly bound to a particular theoretical basis or learning method,and has insufficient understanding of the dynamic nature of entrepreneurial activities and the targeted nature of entrepreneurial learning,as well as the process of transforming individual learning into organizational learning and its role in promoting the success of new ventures.As a result,the research on entrepreneurial learning in new ventures tends to converge with that in mature and large enterprises,and its practical guidance value is not strong.Secondly,the operationalized structure of entrepreneurial success that is more consistent with the reality of new ventures has yet to be clarified.While entrepreneurial success is more suitable for evaluating the growth level of new ventures,the current research focuses more on entrepreneurial performance,and the quantitative and qualitative research on entrepreneurial success is still insufficient.The research conclusions present a diversified trend,and the guidance of theory to practice needs to be further deepened.Finally,there is a lack of a systematic analysis of the role mechanism and configuration of entrepreneurial learning in promoting entrepreneurial success of new ventures.On the one hand,the current research on the role mechanism of entrepreneurial learning in promoting entrepreneurial success is more focused on the concept and direct impact of entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success,with only a few studies further verifying the transmission mechanism of ability or opportunity factors between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success.However,the path transformation mechanism of entrepreneurial learning promoting entrepreneurial success from the perspectives of ability,opportunity,and resource integration has not been fully discussed,and the depth and breadth of research need to be further expanded.Meanwhile,although a few studies have verified the contingent role of organizational resources in the influence of entrepreneurial learning on entrepreneurial performance or the growth trajectory of new ventures from an organizational perspective,the entrepreneurial resource endowment of individual entrepreneurs,an important structural element in the construction of new venture resources,has not received widespread attention from the academic community,leaving considerable room for further exploration.On the other hand,although previous studies on the antecedents of entrepreneurial success have emphasized the theoretical complexity of causality,they have generally lacked the integrated application of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis in research methods,so that most studies have focused on analyzing the net effect of a single factor,ignoring the joint effect analysis of multiple related factors,leading to one-sided research results and a lack of explanatory power.To sum up,this paper aims to respond to the above practical problems and research limitations,face the diversified research status of entrepreneurial learning content system and the insufficiency of research on the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success,and comprehensively apply entrepreneurial process theory,organizational learning theory,experiential learning theory and opportunity-resource integration theory.A technical route combining quantitative and qualitative analysis is constructed with a variety of research methods to solve the following three problems: Research question 1: Which entrepreneurial learning methods are applicable to new ventures from the perspective of entrepreneurs?Research question 2: What is the specific relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success? What is the role path of entrepreneurial learning to influence entrepreneurial success? What is the contingency effect of entrepreneur resource endowment in the mechanism of entrepreneurial learning on entrepreneurial success? Research question 3: What are the configurations of entrepreneurial learning,entrepreneurial ability,entrepreneurial opportunity identification,entrepreneurial opportunity development,and entrepreneurial resource endowment that jointly drive high entrepreneurial success?In terms of connotation definition and dimension division of main variables,this paper establishes the connection between organizational learning theory and experiential learning theory,and combines case studies to prove that entrepreneurs of new ventures have the characteristics of multi-level distribution in the organizational structure of enterprises,and then regards the individual learning of entrepreneurs as the starting point and link for the construction of learning organizations of new ventures.The entrepreneurial learning is measured from three dimensions:experiential learning,cognitive learning and practical learning.At the same time,combined with the research object of this paper,through literature research,it is further clarified that the connotation of entrepreneurial success of new ventures should be more focused on the success of founding and operating new enterprises,and entrepreneurial success should be measured from two dimensions of financial performance and non-financial performance.In terms of theoretical research model construction,based on entrepreneurial process theory,organizational learning theory,experiential learning theory and opportunity-resource integration theory,combined with case studies,this paper constructs entrepreneurial success as the dependent variable,entrepreneurial learning as the independent variable,entrepreneurial ability,entrepreneurial opportunity identification,and entrepreneurial opportunity development as the intermediary variable.The theoretical model of entrepreneurs’ resource endowment as a moderating variable is proposed,and 22 research hypotheses including direct effect,mediating effect and moderating effect are proposed.The research design is carried out according to the empirical research paradigm,and 816 valid data are obtained through a questionnaire survey on the respondents.The data were analyzed by SSPS 27,Mplu S 8.3 and R 4.2.2.Then,in order to further circumvent the research limitations caused by the analysis of the net effect of a single factor,this study uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method(fs QCA)to explore the influence of the configuration of each influencing variable on the entrepreneurial success after clarifying the influence relationship between the variables mentioned above.In Chapter 5,on the basis of the data obtained from the formal investigation on the "group of entrepreneurs of new enterprises",a questionnaire survey was carried out on the "group of entrepreneurial losers" who have entrepreneurial experience but are currently in the state of stopping entrepreneurship,and 446 valid questionnaires were obtained.Then,fs QCA 4.0software is used to conduct fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fs QCA)on the large sample data of "entrepreneur group" and "startup entrepreneur group",respectively,including the above two groups,and to expand the research from the two aspects of "quality" and "quantity" of startup success.To confirm the conclusion of quantitative analysis,and further strengthen the explanatory power of the research.The conclusions of this study are as follows: On the one hand,in the study of the mechanism of entrepreneurial learning on the success of start-ups,the following conclusions are drawn: First,entrepreneurial learning,including experiential learning,cognitive learning and practical learning,has a positive impact on entrepreneurial success.Second,entrepreneurial ability,as the embodiment of various qualities of entrepreneurs,plays a part of intermediary role in the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success.Third,entrepreneurial opportunity development,as a key way to influence entrepreneurial success,plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success.Fourthly,the path relationship of "entrepreneurial learning-entrepreneurial ability-entrepreneurial opportunity development-entrepreneurial success" is constructed,and it is verified that entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial opportunity development play a chain intermediary role between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success.Fifth,entrepreneurial opportunity identification,as the starting point of creating business value,plays a partial intermediary role in the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success.Sixth,the path relationship of "entrepreneurial learning-entrepreneurial opportunity identification-entrepreneurial opportunity development-entrepreneurial success" is constructed,and it is verified that entrepreneurial opportunity identification and entrepreneurial opportunity development play a chain intermediary role between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success.Seventh,on the basis of verifying that entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial opportunity identification play a partial mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial opportunity development,the path relationship of "entrepreneurial learning-entrepreneurial ability-entrepreneurial opportunity identification-entrepreneurial opportunity development" is further constructed.It is proved that entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial opportunity identification play a chain intermediary role between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial opportunity development.Eighth,it examines the moderating effect of entrepreneurs’ resource endowment.It is verified that the resource endowment of entrepreneurs has no moderating effect between entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial opportunity development,but plays a positive moderating effect between entrepreneurial opportunity identification and entrepreneurial opportunity development.Then,it is further verified that the resource endowment of entrepreneurs has no moderating effect in the path of "entrepreneurial learning-entrepreneurial ability-entrepreneurial opportunity development-entrepreneurial success",but has a positive moderating effect in the path of "entrepreneurial learning-entrepreneurial opportunity identification-entrepreneurial opportunity development-entrepreneurial success".On the other hand,in the study on the antecedent configuration of start-up success,this paper mainly draws the following conclusions: First,it verifies that any single condition among the five antecedent conditions,such as entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial opportunity development,cannot constitute the necessary condition for entrepreneurial success,nor can it become the sufficient condition for the realization of entrepreneurial success,and requires the linkage effect of multiple antecedent conditions.Secondly,through the fuzzy set qualitative comparison score(fs QCA),it is found that the path to startup success is not single,and multiple antecedent conditions produce 5 configurations that lead to high startup success respectively in the test of the relatively wide sample data of "entrepreneur group" and "startup entrepreneur group" sample data.The interactive combination of entrepreneurial ability,entrepreneurial opportunity identification,entrepreneurial opportunity development and entrepreneur resource endowment under the support of entrepreneurial learning is an effective means for new ventures to avoid entrepreneurial risks and achieve sustainable development.This study complements the research on the complex relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success,and has certain theoretical contributions and management implications.In terms of theoretical contributions:First,it explores the research on entrepreneurial learning from the cross-perspective of organizational learning theory and experiential learning theory,clarifies the organizational structure characteristics of new ventures,and clarifies the entrepreneurial learning methods applicable to new ventures from the perspective of individual entrepreneurs.Second,it deepens the research on the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success from the interactive perspective of entrepreneurial process theory,organizational learning theory,experiential learning theory,and opportunity-resource integration theory,expands the theoretical boundaries of entrepreneurial learning research,and enricfies the research literature on entrepreneurial success.Third,it illustrates the contingent role of resource endowment of entrepreneurs in the process of the impact of entrepreneurial learning on entrepreneurial success,which makes up for the lack of attention paid to individual resource factors in previous entrepreneurial studies.Fourthly,it strengthens the theoretical and methodological matching of the research on the relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial success,comprehensively analyzes the mechanism and configuration of entrepreneurial learning on the entrepreneurial success of new ventures,and enhances the explanatory power of the research results.To a certain extent,it also makes up for the shortcomings of some previous studies,which tend to analyze the net effect of a single factor and ignore the joint effect of multiple related factors.In terms of management enlightenment: First,it reveals the problems of "what to learn" and "why to learn" in entrepreneurial learning,which is conducive to deepening the understanding of entrepreneurial learning methods and methods for entrepreneurs of new enterprises,and then optimizing and improving the quality of entrepreneurship by strengthening the interaction between learning,ability,opportunity and other entrepreneurial elements.Second,it is suggested that new ventures should pay attention to the internal mechanism of entrepreneurial learning to entrepreneurial success,and strive to improve the level of resource endowment of entrepreneurs and solidity to build the resource base of new ventures.Third,we advocate that new enterprises should accurately grasp their own advantages and explore the successful realization mode of entrepreneurship according to local conditions. |
