| Since the reform and opening up,China’s manufacturing industry has been developing rapidly,and the export trade volume of manufacturing industry has been rising,but the export technology content is low,and it is locked at the low end in the global value chain,and the terms of trade have deteriorated while the situation is still deteriorating.With the disappearance of the demographic dividend and the intensification of international trade friction,it is urgent to improve the quality of manufacturing export trade.The historical evolution of China’s opening-up process,industrialization and urbanization are highly coupled.Therefore,to explore the impact of urban-rural income disparity on the quality of manufacturing export trade from the perspective of urban-rural dualistic economic development can help clarify the interactions among China’s opening-up process,industrialization and urbanization.The mechanism of the urban-rural income gap affecting the quality of manufacturing export trade is analyzed from both supply and demand perspectives.From the supply perspective,the urban-rural income gap affects the quality of manufacturing export trade by influencing the quality of labor.A larger urban-rural income gap will stimulate rural residents with lower income to invest more in human capital to realize the "leap" from farmers to citizens,thus improving the quality of social labor and promoting the quality of manufacturing export trade;however,as the urban-rural income gap continues to widen,it will inhibit rural residents’ willingness and ability to invest in human capital.However,as the urban-rural income gap continues to widen,it will inhibit rural residents’ willingness and ability to invest in human capital,while urban residents lack enthusiasm to increase human capital because they enjoy the natural "urban dividend",which will reduce the quality of labor supply in the society,thus hindering manufacturing enterprises to carry out innovation,and eventually forming a negative effect on the improvement of export trade quality.From the perspective of demand,the urban-rural income gap affects the quality of manufacturing export trade by influencing local market demand.On the other hand,the widening urban-rural income gap increases urban residents’ demand for high-quality goods,which stimulates manufacturing enterprises to innovate in products and technologies,thus improving the quality of export trade;as the urban-rural income gap continues to widen,it inhibits the expansion of high-income groups,and the income of rural residents is locked at a As the urban-rural income gap continues to widen,the expansion of high-income groups will be inhibited,and the income of rural residents will be locked at a lower level,which will inhibit the market demand for high-quality products and is not conducive to the improvement of export trade quality of manufacturing enterprises.According to the statistical observation on the development level of urbanization and urban-rural income gap in China,there is a positive convergence between urbanization level and urban-rural income gap in China,but there is a more obvious geographical difference.The quality of manufacturing export trade can be measured in the following three dimensions: export technology content,global value chain position,and trade competitiveness.Based on WIOD input-output data and production processes,the technical content of China’s manufacturing exports and the position of global value chain are measured,and the results show that: the total technical content and domestic technical content of China’s manufacturing exports are lower than those of major developed countries,but the overall technical content of manufacturing exports shows continuous growth,and the international ranking of domestic technical content has improved substantially,and the gap with developed countries is gradually narrowing.The domestic technology content of all industries in China’s manufacturing industry shows rapid growth;the changing trend of China’s manufacturing global value chain position is a slightly fluctuating downward trend,and it is in the middle and lower reaches of the global value chain,and there is still a certain gap with the developed countries.Based on the calculation of price terms of trade,China’s terms of trade show a deteriorating trend,and there is a large gap with the average level of the world and other countries.Using the panel data to empirically test the relationship between urban-rural income gap and manufacturing enterprises’ export technology content,global value chain position and terms of trade,the following conclusions are drawn: 1.The urban-rural income gap and China’s manufacturing enterprises’ export domestic technology content show a significant inverted "U" shape relationship,and the inflection point appears roughly at the point where the urban-rural Thayer index is At present,the overall urban-rural income gap in China is located to the left of the inverted "U" inflection point,that is,the moderate expansion of the urban-rural income gap in the short term will promote the improvement of the domestic technology content of manufacturing enterprises’ exports,while in the long term it will hinder the improvement of the domestic technology content of manufacturing enterprises’ exports;2,the expansion of the urban-rural income gap significantly inhibits manufacturing enterprises from exporting global value chain positions,and the hindering effect is differentiated between trade mode,region,ownership and technology level;3.The widening urban-rural income gap significantly inhibits manufacturing enterprises from improving their terms of trade;4.The impact mechanism test shows that the widening urban-rural income gap will reduce the local market demand and hinder the improvement of labor quality,while the growth of local market demand as well as improvement of labor quality will lead to the improvement of manufacturing enterprises’ export trade quality. |
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