| In recent years,with the continuous expansion of China’s export scale and optimization of export product structure,improving the quality of export products,upgrading the position in the global value chain division and obtaining greater trade benefits have become an important way to achieve high-quality economic development.Value chain climbing is the process of rising from low-end to high-end in the division of global value chain,which represents the improvement of the quality of export products.The higher the quality of the product,the more complex the production links of the product,including more production processes,the more likely it is to obtain higher added value and gain more trade benefits.The change of a country’s position in the division of labor in the global value chain and the quality of exported products affects the proportion of factor allocation in the production process of the country,and then affects the demand for labor with different skills,thus affecting the wage gap.The improvement of the position of division of labor in global value chains has a direct impact on the wage gap as well as an indirect impact on the wage gap by improving the quality of export products.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to comprehensively investigate the influence of the change of the division of labor status of global value chain and the change of the quality of export products on the wage gap.Based on the reality of China’s rising position in global value chain division,improved quality of export products and high wage gap,According to "Introduction →Literature review → Characterization of global value chain division,export product quality and wage gap → analysis of global value chain division and influence mechanism of export product quality on wage gap → analysis of global value chain division and industrial wage gap--based on the intermediary effect of export product quality →Global value chain division and enterprise wage gap--based on export product quality The internal logic of the research conclusions and policy recommendations.Using the relevant data and yearbook data from China’s industrial enterprise database,customs database and WIOD database from 2000 to 2014,the fixed effect model and the intermediary effect model are adopted.This paper empirically analyzes the influence of global value chain division of labor on the wage gap between high-skilled and low-skilled labor within industries and enterprises,and the mediating effect of export product quality on the relationship between global value chain division of labor and wage gap.The innovation points of this paper are as follows: from the perspective of global value chain division and export product quality,the relationship between export product quality and global value chain and wage gap is demonstrated.A mathematical model is established from the theoretical level to prove that the quality of export products and the division of global value chain will affect the wage gap through product price effect,technological progress effect,skill premium mechanism and profit sharing mechanism.This paper empirically examines the influence mechanism of global value chain division on wage gap and the mediating effect of export product quality from industry level and enterprise level respectively.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)From the perspective of the global value chain position index,China lacks advantages in high-tech industries,and the overall position of the manufacturing industry in the global value chain is significantly lower than that of the BRIC countries,but it has shown a V-shaped trend of change.The quality of export products of China’s high-tech industry shows the characteristics of stage growth,but the quality of export products is not high,and the overall competitiveness of export products in the international market is not strong.As China supports the development of high-tech industries and the low-end industries in the value chain are transferred outward,the wage gap of various subsectors of China’s manufacturing industry shows an overall widening trend.(2)Global value chain division and export product quality affect wage gap through product price effect,skill premium effect,profit sharing effect and technological progress effect.If technological progress increases the input of highly skilled labor factors,resulting in the improvement of product quality and price,or the increase of input of highly skilled labor factors improves the embedment position of global value chain and improves product quality and price,or the increase of input of highly skilled labor factors increases output and profit,thus increasing the proportion of remuneration of highly skilled labor factors.Will lead to a widening wage gap.(3)The full-sample regression results at the industry level show that: the division of labor status of global value chain,general trade,total factor productivity,R&D intensity,etc.,have a significant positive impact on the industrial wage gap,while processing trade has no impact on the industrial wage gap.The position of division of labor in global value chain has an impact on industrial wage gap through product price effect,product and industrial upgrading brought by technological progress effect,and factor demand structure upgrading brought by skill premium mechanism and profit sharing mechanism.Sample regression results at the industry level show that,in addition to processing trade,factors such as global value chain division position,general trade,research and development intensity,total factor productivity and foreign investment participation all have a significant positive impact on the industrial wage gap.In high-tech industries,only the division of global value chain,general trade and research and development intensity have significant positive effects on the wage gap.The intermediate effect test shows that the improvement of export product quality plays a significant role in the process of the labor division status of global value chain affecting the wage gap.The rise of global value chain status promotes the quality upgrade of export products,which increases the relative demand for skilled labor and leads to the widening of the wage gap.(4)Benchmark regression results at the firm level show that the rise of global value chain status at the firm level,the increase of total factor productivity,the increase of capital-labor ratio and the increase of firm age all have a positive impact on the widening of the wage gap.The results of the mediation effect test show that the promotion of global value chain status will improve the quality of products,and the improvement of product quality will widen the wage gap of enterprises.Heterogeneity test at the enterprise level shows that: The rise of global value chain status of mixed trade enterprises,enterprises in eastern China and private enterprises has a significant positive impact on the wage gap of enterprises,while the change of the position of products of only one trade mode enterprises,enterprises in central and western China,state-owned enterprises,foreign-funded enterprises and Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan-funded enterprises in the global value chain does not affect the wage gap of enterprises.Based on the above research conclusions,this paper focuses on increasing R&D investment,improving intellectual property protection system,and encouraging scientific and technological innovation.Improve the level of low-skilled labor human capital,increase the supply of high-skilled labor;Put forward corresponding policy suggestions to narrow the wage gap by focusing on improving the income level of low-skilled labor.The relevant conclusions of this study provide useful enlightenment for improving China’s position in the global value chain,improving the quality of export products,and realizing common prosperity. |
PDF Full Text Request