Research On The Impact Of Trade Facilitation On The Development Of Exports

In the report of the 19 th CPC National Congress,General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed to "promote trade and investment facilitation," which requires not only to create an open and fair external environment,but also to take the initiative to respond to profound changes in the external environment,improve the institutional open system,and improve their own level of openness.At present,the domestic economy is in a critical period of comprehensively deepening reform,and the transformation of economic growth from high-speed to high-quality forces foreign trade from traditional incremental development to quality development.In the past 20 years,under the influence of demographic dividend,flow dividend and other factors,China’s export trade has developed rapidly,but with the continuous improvement of labor costs and fierce competition,the advantage of factor endowment is weakening day by day.At the same time,with the rise of trade protectionism,the prevalence of unilateralism and the spread of anti-globalization,China is facing many new constraints on the development of export trade,export growth continues to decline,and even negative growth has appeared in recent years.As one of the troika of national economic growth,the continued downturn in exports is bound to be a drag on China’s economic growth.In this context,it is imperative to explore the internal mechanism of the counter-trend development of export trade in the new era.Optimizing the institutional arrangements in the export process and improving the level of trade facilitation in order to reverse the trend of export weakness caused by the continuous deterioration of the external environment is not only the key to realize the transformation of exports from external pull to internal drive.it is also a necessary basis for strengthening the quality of export development in the new era.In view of this,based on review of the literature,This paper focus on the impact of trade facilitation on the development of export trade from the perspective of internal system optimization of a country.First of all,based on the "scale-structure-efficiency" analysis framework,a new trade theoretical model is used to analyze the effects of trade facilitation on export trade scale,export trade structure and export trade efficiency.it also explains in detail the influence mechanism of trade facilitation on export scale expansion,export structure optimization and export efficiency improvement.Secondly,the level of trade facilitation and the development of export trade in various regions of China are quantitatively measured,and the evolution process and typical facts of the development of trade facilitation and export trade in China are summarized and analyzed from the overall and regional levels according to the results.Finally,combined with theoretical analysis and calculation results,an inter-provincial panel data model is constructed to empirically test the effect and mechanism of trade facilitation on export trade scale,export trade structure and export trade efficiency.on the basis of this,this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to promote the development of export trade.Different from the existing research,this paper shifts the research perspective from the international level to the domestic level,and extends the research content which only considers the single dimension of export trade development to multiple dimensions in the literature.this paper systematically examines the multi-dimensional impact of trade facilitation on the development of export trade,and further analyzes the mechanism,heterogeneity and non-linear effects of trade facilitation.This paper consists of eight chapters: Chapter One is introduction,mainly including the research background,significance,ideas,methods,contents,innovation;Chapter Two is literature review,firstly,it systematically combs the relevant literature on trade facilitation from three aspects: the definition of the connotation,quantitative calculation and impact effect of trade facilitation.secondly,it systematically reviews the existing literature on the development of export trade from three aspects: export trade scale,export trade structure and export trade efficiency.finally,it reviews the existing literature and summarizes the research perspective of this paper;Chapter Three is theoretical analysis of trade facilitation on the development of export trade,which constructs the analysis framework based on the new trade theoretical model,explores the effects of trade facilitation on export trade scale,export trade structure and export trade efficiency,and specifically analyzes the theoretical mechanism of the multi-dimensional impact of trade facilitation on the development of export trade;Chapter Four is typical facts of the development of trade facilitation and export trade,and constructs an index system to measure and analyze the level and typical facts of trade facilitation in various regions of our country.Then it summarizes the evolution process and characteristic facts of China’s export trade development from the three dimensions of scale,structure and efficiency;Chapter Five is empirical test of trade facilitation impact on export trad--from the perspective of trade scale expansion.Constructs an econometric model to investigate the effect and mechanism of trade facilitation on export scale expansion,and empirically tests the research hypotheses H1 and H1a-H1 c put forward in the theoretical analysis part;Chapter Six is empirical test of trade facilitation impact on export trad--from the perspective of trade structure optimization,Which examines the effects and mechanisms of trade facilitation on export product structure optimization and domestic export market structure integration,respectively,and conducts an empirical test of research hypotheses H2,H2a-H2 c,H3 and H3a-H3 c accordingly;Chapter Seven is empirical test of trade facilitation impact on export trad--from the perspective of trade efficiency improvement,which examines the effect and mechanism of trade facilitation on improving export trade efficiency,and empirically tests the research hypothesis H4 and H4a-H4c;Chapter Eight is research conclusions and prospects,which includes this paper’s research conclusions,puts forward policy recommendations according to theoretical and empirical conclusions,summarizes the shortcomings of this paper and looks forward to it.The main conclusions of this paper can be summarized as follows:First,On trade facilitation: the level of trade facilitation in China improved steadily during the observation period,and the overall distribution trend was higher in East than in West;On export trade scale: the scale of China’s export trade maintained rapid growth during the observation period,and the export scale of the eastern region was the largest,while the export scale of the central and western regions was relatively small,but growing speed is higher than the East;On export trade structure: from the perspective of export product structure,during the observation period,the proportion of China’s export of primary products continued to decline,while that of industrial manufactured goods continued to rise.Among them,the export of resource-intensive products and labor-intensive products accounted for a relatively low proportion.The export of capital-intensive products occupies a dominant position,while the export scale of high-tech products continues to expand,but the proportion is still low,meaning export product structure is constantly optimized,but there is still room for development.From the perspective of export market structure,China’s export trade shows an unbalanced development trend during the observation period,but the inter-provincial and inter-regional differences are shrinking;in terms of export trade efficiency: China’s export efficiency shows a rising trend during the observation period.The western region has the lowest export efficiency,but the gap of inter-regional export efficiency is gradually narrowing.Second,trade facilitation can significantly expand the scale of regional export trade,among which the market business environment plays the strongest role.The promoting effect of trade facilitation on export scale expansion is mainly realized through scale effect,agglomeration effect and cost effect.As the geographical location extends inland,trade facilitation plays a more important role in promoting export growth,that is,trade facilitation plays a more important role in export growth in inland areas.With the improvement of the technical level of products,the export growth effect of trade facilitation increases,among which transportation infrastructure,port clearance efficiency and government regulation efficiency play the most important role in the export growth of medium-tech products.Market business environment plays the most important role in the export growth of high-tech products.Trade facilitation has a significant threshold effect on the expansion of export scale.Third,trade facilitation can significantly promote the optimization of regional export product structure,and is stronger in central and western regions.The focus of promoting the optimization of the export product structure in the eastern region is to improve the market business environment.As to the central and western regions,the focus of promoting the optimization of the export product structure is to improve the efficiency of port clearance and the quality of traffic infrastructure.The promoting effect of trade facilitation on the optimization of export product structure is mainly realized through institutional innovation effect,technological progress effect and transaction cost effect.The effect of trade facilitation on the optimization of export product structure is restricted by the economy development level,the scale of FDI and research intensity.Fourth,trade facilitation can significantly promote the integration of domestic export markets,among which the efficiency of customs clearance at ports plays a particularly important role.Strengthening the facilitation of port clearance plays the most important role in narrowing the export gap between the eastern and central regions,and strengthening the facilitation of transportation infrastructure plays the most important role in narrowing the export gap between the eastern and western regions.The positive impact of trade facilitation on domestic export market integration is mainly realized through human capital effect,material capital accumulation effect and market competition effect.There is a significant threshold effect of trade facilitation on the integration of domestic export market,which will play a significant role only when economic development reaches a certain level and labor productivity increases to a certain extent.Fifth,trade facilitation has a significant positive effect on export efficiency,in which the market business environment plays the most important role,followed by the efficiency of government regulation.Trade facilitation plays the greatest role in improving the export efficiency of the eastern region,while plays the least role in western region.The effect of trade facilitation on the efficiency of export trade is mainly realized through scale effect,innovation effect and cost effect.