Residential Segregation And Citizenship Of Migrant Workers:Mechanism And Empirical Analysis

With the development of population urbanization,the peri-urbanization situation gradually appears.The government sets a time limit for the rural-urban population transfer to settle in cities and towns,which speeds up the orderly citizenship of migrant workers.Limited by the discrimination from household registration system,low skills and less job information,the number of migrant workers who have purchased houses still stay in low level.Through the literature analysis,the research use human capital,social capital,household registration system,housing,social protection,social security to explain the citizenship differences of migrant workers.But There are few citizenship research from the perspective of residential environment,especially the residential segregation.Residential segregation maybe is a very important factor to restrict the citizenship of migrant workers,because residential environment is closely related to the life of migrant workers,by affecting the body behavior,decision-making and emotion.Foreign literatures have done a lot of research on residential segregation mainly in race and its effects on individual mental health,physical health,well-being and other aspects.While domestic research focuses on the national residential segregation situation between floating population and urban residents,However,empirical study is relatively few.The impact of residential segregation on the citizenship of migrant workers is unknown,which is core of our research.By the end of the transfer of migrant workers,the number of newly migrant workers will be fewer and fewer.The central work of population urbanization may have developed from Rural population transfer to digesting "migrant stock ".Based on migration decision theory,social exclusion theory,social integration theory,neighborhood effect theory,this paper uses GIS technology,OLS model,2SLS model,mediating effect model to make the evaluation effect of residential segregation on the citizenship of migrant workers..It shows the current situation of migrant workers’ residence segregation and citizenship,which is used to clarify the relationship between residence segregation and the citizenship of migrant workers,and explain the influence mechanism of residence segregation the citizenship of migrant workers.The research make up for the current research on the residence segregation of migrant workers,enrich the relevant research on the citizenship of migrant workers,which is useful to put forward policy implications for the government to promote the citizenship of migrant workers in orderly manner and solve the problem of agriculture,countryside and farmers.Firstly,The research shows that the exposure index is used to measure the residential segregation from the micro-point of view is helpful.The average provincial observation value of the residential segregation of migrant workers in 2015 is 0.729,which showed regional differences.The residential segregation distribution of migrant workers showed a trend of“high at both ends and low in the middle”.The residential segregation in the eastern and western regions is relatively serious,while the central region is relatively low.The areas with good economic development,more migrant workers,the east,the provincial capitals are more severe in residential segregation,while the residence segregation of migrant workers in other areas is relatively less serious.Secondly,the degree of citizenship of migrant workers in the mainland area is higher than that in the developed area of the coastal.The degree of citizenship in the surrounding area of the provincial capital is higher than that in the provincial capital area,and which in the northeast and central area is higher than that in the eastern and western regions.The paper applies OLS model to study the effect of residential segregation on the citizenship of migrant workers.The results show that residential segregation can reduce the citizenship degree of migrant workers.After solving the endogenous problem,variable measurement error,model selection error,missing variables problem and performing the robustness test,the negative effect of residential segregation and the citizenship of migrant workers is still significant.Compared with the older generation and non-family migrant workers,residential segregation has a greater impact on the new generation and family migrant migrant workers.With the increase of urban size,the negative impact of residential segregation on the citizenship of migrant workers gradually increases,showing a significant urban size effect.Finally,The function mechanism of residential segregation affecting the citizenship of migrant workers is verified.In terms of social exclusion,the cost advantage brought by residential segregation intensifies the influx of excessive rural labor force,and the fierce employment competition triggers the urban exclusion mechanism,which reduces the degree of citizenship of migrant workers.Residential segregation further strengthens the inherent prejudice of the urban society against the rural labor force,and the policy entry threshold realizes the legal protection of the social welfare of the local urban residents,and excludes the migrant workers.For migrant workers of different levels of urban employment,the larger the urban size,the lower the intermediary role of the social exclusion mechanism between residential segregation and citizenship,and social inclusiveness helps to improve the citizenship of migrant workers.In particular,residential segregation reduces the frequency of social communication with local urban residents,suppresses the concept change of rural identity to urban identity,intensifies the deprivation of urban education rights for the children of migrant workers,and then suppresses the process of citizenship.In terms of land transfer,residential segregation reduces the living cost and promotes the excessive transfer of rural labor;on the other hand,residential segregation reduces the possibility of urban settlement,which is not conducive to the overall migration of the family.The income loss of residential segregation increases the dependence of the rural population on agricultural production,strengthens the guarantee of rural land for pension,suppresses the occurrence of family land transfer,and thus suppresses the citizenship of migrant workers.From the perspective of other ways of influence,residential segregation is not conducive to the adaptation and settlement of migrant workers,which is not conducive to the work and disadvantage of residence,thus hindering the citizenship of migrant workers..The novel and characteristics of our research are depicted below.First,research object innovation.While foreign studies focus on racial segregation,this paper focuses on urban-rural residential segregation.Second,perspective innovation.According to the existing research,when studying the difference of migrant workers’ citizenship in micro-measurement,we should consider the variables of human capital,social capital,household registration system,social security and so on,where we pay less attention to the influence of migrant workers’ living environment on their citizenship.This paper just cut into from the angle of residential segregation and filled the research defects.Third,For the first time,the residential differentiation index of migrant workers is used to measure the current situation of residential segregation,and a relatively perfect index system is constructed to measure the citizenship of migrant workers.On this basis,the instrumental variable method is chosen to solve the endogenous problem of residential segregation variables.Fourth,mechanism innovation.This paper also continues to explore the influence mechanism between residential segregation and migrant workers’ citizenship,and further enriches the influence mechanism between the influencing factors of citizenship and citizenship,which has very important practical and theoretical suggestions to solve the peri-urbanization problem.