Study On Sismondi's Critical Thought On Political Econom

It is inseparable from the criticism of political economy to respond to General Secretary Xi Jinping’s call to develop socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era.Because to carry out the criticism of political economy is to reveal the contradictions of the times,show the theoretical defects,and develop the methodology of political economy in the era.Marx’s many theories were founded or developed in the process of the criticism of political economy.And how to better carry out political economy criticism,not only has important theoretical significance,but also has important practical significance.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the critical thoughts of scholars who have made important contributions to the criticism of political economy in the history of economic thought.Sismondi is an important economist who can not be bypassed in the study of the critical ideological history of political economy.First of all,Sismondi fired the first shot in the criticism of classical political economy.It objectively criticizes the development view of classical political economy that "seeing things but not people".No matter theoretical criticism or reform measures,many pioneering actions have been made in the history of economic thought,no matter to bourgeois political economy.Or the development of socialist political economy,have had a far-reaching impact.Secondly,Sismondi’s critical thought of political economy provides an important ideological source for Marx to engage in the criticism of political economy.For example,in the analysis of the generation of surplus value and the contradiction and opposition between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie under the differentiation between the rich and the poor,he was even aware of the revolutionary power nurtured in this class antagonism.it played a positive role in the formation of Marx’s critical theory of political economy.Although Marx criticized the reactivity of his thought,he expounded many theories in the process.However,he also positively quoted Sismondi’s point of view as evidence for many times,which played an ideological leading role in Marx’s criticism of bourgeois humanitarianism.Thirdly,the problem criticized by Sismondi still has the freshness of the times.Sismondi’s criticism is mainly in three aspects: first,what is the research purpose of political economy? Should it be aimed at people,or should it be aimed at wealth? How to achieve the dual purpose of political science for the material wealth and spiritual wealth of the overwhelming majority of people? Second,what is the cause of the universal economic crisis caused by capitalism? How should it be avoided? Third,is the laissez-faire economic policy really the most efficient? Is there a need for state intervention in economic activities? How to intervene? Today,these questions of the times still perplex governments and scholars all over the world,and have the freshness of passing through the times.Finally,the historical value of Sismondi’s thought of political economy has not been fully valued and fairly evaluated by the academic circles.For example,some people think that Sismondi seeks ways to eliminate the crisis of overproduction by resorting to less developed countries in foreign markets,so as to ease the internal conflicts in the crisis-exporting countries.In fact,this is exactly what Sismondi opposes.Although his theory has also been labeled as "petty bourgeois socialism","reactionary" and "romanticism".However,he criticized and exposed the shortcomings of the capitalist system earlier,which is very commendable for the vast majority of bourgeois economists in the era of rapid progress of capitalism.Up to now,it is still a difficult problem for economists and politicians all over the world,and it has the freshness of the times.According to the analysis of the literature,it is found that the current research on Sismondi’s critical thought of political economy at home and abroad shows relative deficiencies or gaps in the following aspects: first,the interpretation of Sismondi’s critical thought of political economy is often limited to the study of the history of political economy,and the research on his critical thought of political economy is rare or not deep enough.Second,most of the studies are aimed at Sismondi’s individual critical thoughts,but have not yet found a holistic study of Sismondi’s critical thoughts on classical political economy.Third,there is still some deviation between the value judgment of Sismondi’s critical thought of political economy and his own basic thought.Fourth,the critical thought of Sismondi’s political economy is not enough to explore the value of the development of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era.This is the value of studying Sismondi’s critical thought of political economy.Sismondi is the initiator of the critical era of classical political economy.Classical political economy was born in the rising period of capitalist development.it is an abstract expression of the concepts of wealth,value,interests and needs in the economic world in western society.With the further development of capital logic in the dimension of time and space,profound changes have taken place in the structure and state of capitalist society.On the one hand,the capitalist society has gradually entered a major transition period: first,the social system has realized the transformation from feudal autocracy to capitalist democratic system;secondly,the development mode of capitalist industry has entered a major transitional period,and finally,the stage of capitalist development has changed from the rising period to the occasional or explosive period of the economic crisis.On the other hand,the contradiction in the living world caused by capital expansion is generally prominent,which is embodied in: first,the crisis of overproduction highlights the contradiction between production and consumption,and second,the contradiction between wealth accumulation and poverty accumulation highlighted by the disconnection between selling and buying.As Marx said,bourgeois political economists "constantly move in absolute contradictions without noticing it",while Sismondi opened up an era in political economy because of his awareness and criticism of various contradictions in bourgeois society.Sismondi’s criticism of classical political economy is mainly reflected in three aspects:The first is the criticism of the purpose of classical political economy.Classical political and economic theory is the study of the appreciation of wealth,and its first task is to solve the problem of rationality and legitimacy in the pursuit of personal wealth and the increment of national wealth in order to meet their own desires.Economic ethics,from religious abstinence and opposition to profit-making,to the confirmation of individuality based on self-preservation and the legal proof of desire pursuit,is one of the important achievements in the discussion of human nature in the Scottish Enlightenment.Its concrete expression can be expressed in the theoretical works of Hobbes,Hutchison,Hume and Adam Smith.Finally,based on the activities of self-preservation and the pursuit of wealth,Adam Smith completed the transformation from ethical argumentation to economic practice.Adam Smith believes that in the process of pursuing personal self-interest,people will naturally realize the public interest under the action of an "invisible hand".Sismondi believes that classical political economy reverses the relationship between wealth and people,and believes that people,not wealth,is the real purpose of political economy.Sismondi realized that although the theory of classical political economy pursues the abundance of national wealth as value.