| Cultural glocalization and lobaization are two different ways to present the power of culture in "Global-Local" connection,depicting the multi-culturalism and structural characteristics of contemporary cultural globalization.Cultural diversity and cultural difference are inevitable objective facts at present.Because of the emergence of intercultural transfer and trans-regional cultural flows such as the cultural transfer caused by immigration tide,discrete growth of cultural diffusion,cultural communication of new internet media,international business communication and public international tourism flows,intercultural cross-subject and cross-region flows and interaction lead to the intercultural communication,trust and integration on the one hand,while on the other hand,they cause inevitable tension,suspicion,even conflict.How the sameness and otherness in different cultures co-exist and develop in the interconnected and dependent world becomes the practical and theoretical problem that needed to be settled urgently at present world.Tourism is a globally dynamic socio-cultural phenomenon and whose globalization has significant influence on tourist destination’s socio-culture.Tourists,especially those sojourner,international tourist,backpacker and volunteer tourist compose the major of the contemporary intercultural contacts.With the cross-cultural flows of tourists,intercultural opportunity and transfer of tourism are facing intercultural problems,for instance,how to avoid and eliminate the negative interactions between hosts and guests.Based on the mutual respect of the subjects of different cultures,interculturality adopts the method of equal communication,performing as a new paradigm to consider the cultural diversity,the strategy and wisdom to cope with cultural differences,and achieves the purpose of harmonious co-existence.Intercultural theory cognizes intercultural phenomenons,discloses the true essence of intercultural problems and advocates the cultural and political practice in intercultural ism.Interculturality holds a dialectical view on the cultural diversity,the intrinsic difference and sameness among the diversities and intercultural characteristics of relevance and interaction to establish the principle for the co-existence of the different others.Viewing the role that tourism plays in multi-cultural society from the perspective of intercultuality enjoys great theoretical and practical significance.Honghe Yuanyang Hani Terrace Area,enjoying regional characteristics of regional cultural diversity,ethnic cultural differences and multi-cultural integrity,is a multi-cultural region in which various ethnic groups settling from generations,including Hani,Yi,Han,Dai and Zhuang ethnic groups.In this regard,Yuanyang Terrace Area is a typical,special and representative multi-cultural tourist destination.The tourism development of Yuanyang Hani Terrace Area started with the arriving of shutterbugs who visited this area in 1980s.Later in 2000,Yuanyang County established tourist administration,which promotes the tourism development in large scale.Honghe Yuanyang Hani Terrace Area was listed as internationally important agricultural culture heritage by FAO in 2010,world cultural landscape heritage by UNESCO in 2013,and the firstling Chinese important agricultural culture heritage by the Ministry of Agriculture in China in 2013.Honghe Hani Terrace Area has gradually moved from a comparatively remote frontier to a tourist destination getting head in the world since the tourism develops.However,the intercultural problems emerge under increasingly interaction between the tourist guest and host.The culture of multi-ethnic groups,for example,Hani,Yi,Han,Dai and Zhuang ethnic groups,are facing the intercultural challenges brought by tourism development.Viewing from the perspective of the tourist destination interculturality,this research takes the intercultural system of tourist destination inhabitants as research subjects,applies the quantitative analysis combining with qualitative analysis,to figure out the following four questions.What are the basic characteristics of tourist destination interculturality?What are the dimensions of tourist destination interculturality,and what kind of structural relations do these dimensions hold?Which factors of tourist destination interculturality can be affected by tourism?Do these influencing factor have any differences in space and ethnic groups?Based on the above mentioned questions,the research contents are divided into the following four sections.Section one is chapter one and two which are the introduction of theoretical background.Chapter one specifically clarifies topic genesis,background and research significance,questions and contents,methodologies and technical routes.In this chapter,the paper discusses the research background and research significance of tourist destination interculturality from the perspectives of theory and practice,and introduces the research questions and contents,paper-adopted methodologies and technical routes in detail.Chapter two systematically teases out the intercultural theory,research on interculturality,and research on intercultural tourism and tourist destination interculturality.Based on literature analysis,it proposes the concept of tourist destination interculturality and lays the theoretical foundation for empirical research.Section two is chapter three,which is the preparing stage,focusing on the research design,including the selection of sample area,analysis of research subjects,proposing research hypotheses,development of questionnaires and data collection.Section three includes chapter four,five and six which mainly talk about empirical research.Chapter four specifically analyzes the characteristics of Honghe Yuanyang Hani Terrace tourist destination interculturality from the dimenstions of inter-ethnic cultural recognition,inter-ethnic interaction,inter-ethnic respect and inter-ethnic identity.Chapter four presents the four dimensions,five groups of structural relation and six influencing factor of tourist destination interculturality.Chapter six studies the different influences of tourist destination interculturality,focusing on the different influences of five influencing factor on eight types of spaces and five ethnic groups,the different influences of the structure of tourist destination interculturality on two types of spaces.Section four is conclusion,including research result,innovation and research prospect.Based on the above analysis,the research comes to the following conclusions.Firstly,the tourist destination interculturality is diversified and varied in intercultural understanding and interaction.Also,each culture respects and identifies one another.Specifically speaking,on the one hand,the Hani ethnic group knows well about the the Yi ethnic group and vice versa.The Han people knows well about both the Hani ethnic group and the Yi ethnic group.The Dai ethnic group knows well about the Han people.The Zhuang ethnic group knows well about the Hani ethnic group,the Yi group,the Han people and the Dai ethnic group.The Hani ethnic group contacts and makes friends with the Yi ethnic group most frequently.The Dai ethnic group contacts and makes friends with the Han people most frequently.The Zhuang ethnic group contacts and makes friends with the Yi ethnic group most frequently.These show that intercultural understanding and interaction of ethnic groups stay in agreement with the spatial distributions of these ethnic groups,and represent the direction,diversity,and difference of intercultural understanding and interaction of ethnic groups.On the other hand,each ethnic group respects one another and acknowledges the co-identity,the co-status,the co-living condition and the willingness to live together.The intercultural respect and identity of ethnic groups show unity and diversity.On the whole,the interculturality of Red River Terraced Fields shows the feature of multi-dimension.Secondly,the dimension,structure and influencing factor of tourist destination interculturality are complicated.The dimension validation factor model,IC-UARL model as well as impact factor validation model constructed in this paper can be applied in other circumstances.The four dimensions of tourist destination interculturality:ICU,ICA,ICR and ICI are complicated.Twelve observational variables being applied to measure the four dimensions are applicable and reliable in content and method.The structure inter-dimension of tourist destination interculturality is complicated in relation under the influence of several groups.The application of IC-UARI model to measure the structural relation is applicable in research.The influence of tourist destination interculturality involves various factors like resident identity cognition,awareness of intercultural interaction,confidence in local culture,culture involvement and coordination and acknowledgement across culture.It complicates in influencing residents’ events.Twenty-one observational measures used to measure the six influencing factors are applicable and reliable in content and method.Thirdly,the influence of tourist destination interculturality differs in space and ethnic groups.On the one hand,the interculturality of Red River Hani Terraced Area shows difference in space,including the difference of five influencing factors in eight cultural tourist destinations.On the whole,tourism development exerts more influences on single ethnic group than on multi-ethnic group,more on core zone than on marginal zone.The multi-ethnic groups in core zone are the most deeply influenced zone.The influence from greater to smaller are arranged in the order of the multi-ethnic group in core zone,the single ethnic group in core zone,the multi-ethnic group in marginal zone and the single ethnic group in marginal zone.On the other hand,the influence of tourist destination interculturality differs across ethnic groups,with five influencing factors in five ethnic groups.On the whole,the Hani ethnic group is most deeply influenced,followed by the Yi ethnic group,the Han people,the Dai ethnic group and the influence to the Zhuang ethnic group is minimal.The innovation and progress are summarized into two aspects.First,this research exploratory proposes the concept of tourist destination interculturality.Based on the logic connections of one core concept,four key dimensions,five groups of inner structural relation and five general influencing factor,it constructs the concept,dimensions,structures and factors of tourist destination interculturality,providing a new paradigm for research on the influence of tourism socio-culture.Second,the research tentatively adopts quantitative model to estimate tourist destination interculturality,applies one-way ANOVA,EFA,CFA and SEM to perfect the limitation and insufficiency of quantitative research on interculturality.This research offers theoretical and practical guidance to Honghe Yuanyang Hani Terrace Area’s construction of "ethnic model district of unity and progress",as well as the management of cultural diversity of tourist destination. |
