Study On The Capability And Position Of China Lock-in GVC With The Background Of Value-Added Trade

With the rapid development of economic globalization and the rapid change of science and technology innovation,multinational companies under the leadership of the various factors of production in the global configuration,the global value chain has become the new normal of economic globalization and international division of labor,and more and more economies are gradually participating in the global Value chain division system,which has led to the transition from the former to the internal or interregional division of labor into the current global division of labor.In this context,the traditional international trade statistics method to the final product processing exporter countries as the country of origin,statistical customs on the total value of imports and exports of goods,can not accurately reflect the whole process of global production chain,and can not accurately reflect the different productive links to achieve the actual value added.In the framework of global value chain,this paper evaluates the trade income of China’s participation in global value chain objectively by using value added Export index.embedding mode and position and its evolvement trend,try to explain the changes and reasons of China’s participation in the profitability and embedding position of global value chain in recent years,thus providing theoretical reference and policy basis for China’s manufacturing industry to climb global value chain and improve international competitiveness.First of all,this paper carries out horizontal research on representative countries,on the one hand,based on the world input-output table and KWW method,the value-added export index is used to measure the export scale of the country,industry and bilateral value added under the global value chain.To characterize the flow and flow characteristics of international value-added trade;On the other hand,by decomposing the total export value structure of a country,comparing the forward and back of the industry to increase export rate,and calculating the export rate of bilateral value added,we can judge the way that a country and industry embed global value chain,Horizontal and relative position.The results show that:(1)China’s real export income is greatly overestimated,overall,China’s value-added export rate of 2005 years as the inflection point of"U" type change characteristics.Compared with 2000,China’s value-added export rate fell from 81.7%to 72.3%in 2005,up from 3%to 75.3%in 2011 compared with 2005.(2)Cross-country comparisons have found that the value-added export rates of countries with natural resources as the main export commodities,such as Brazil,Australia and Russia,are generally higher than 80%,and that the countries that provide such inputs as iron ore and crude oil are embedded in the upstream position of the global value chain;The bilateral value-added export rate of Germany and Japan to many countries is much greater than 1,indicating that such countries are"invisible champions" of global value chains by providing the upstream locations of key components and services embedded in the global value chain to achieve indirect value-added exports.The highest export value of the U.S.exports to the mainland,indicating that it relies on its huge domestic market,siphon global innovation resources and commodity resources,is a typical buyer-driven global value chain "chain owners";China and Mexico’s total export value structure is similar,are relying on manufacturing advantages embedded in the global value chain,widely engaged in OEM manufacturing power,so the total exports of water.(3)The transnational comparison of industrial level found that China’s agriculture mainly as a national value chain upstream industry support to ensure the development of downstream industries,less direct participation in the global value chain,while the electrical and optical equipment industry in the manufacturing industry directly participates in the global division of production,but the relationship between the upstream industry and the national value chain is weaker,the business service industry in China is also weaker than the downstream industries,which does not support the export competitiveness of the downstream industries.Secondly,this article takes China as the research object to carry on the longitudinal research,analyzes our country participates in the global value chain profit ability and the embedding position dynamic change and the reason.The value-added export rate(VAXR)is the proxy index of profitability,which is divided into three aspects:the value structure of the total export,the structure of the value added and the marginal decomposition structure of the value-added export in the industrial dimension.The reason of the change of "U" type in the turning point of China’s profitability in 2005 years was analyzed,and it was found that:(1)The VAXR lower in 2005 was related to the increase of FVA,PDC and RDV,while the VAXR promotion after 2005 years was FVA,The PDC weight decline is directly related;(2)The main factor driving Vaxr decline in 1995-2000 was the structural factor of the decrease of final product ratio and the promotion of intermediate product proportion in total exports;in 2000-2005,the main cause of the VAXR decline was the quality factor of the simultaneous sharp decline in the export rate of the final and intermediate products;2005 years after the final product increase in the value of exports and the final value of the increase in export rate is the main factor in China’s VAXR rise(3)The industry effect is always the main factor to decide the VAXR,and the industry effect of 35 industries is always negative,which shows that China’s export is still concentrated in the low VAXR industry,especially the higher proportion of manufacturing industry is the structural factor to restrain the Vaxr of our country.Furthermore,this paper further empirically analyzes the depth,mode and dynamic changes of the embedded position of China’s industry participation in the GVC,and finds that:(1)According to the depth and mode difference of GVC in China’s industry participation,the industry can be divided into two categories:one is based on external needs of the globalization of production,engaged in the "great","Import for export" processing trade,representing the industry is the electrical and electronic machinery and equipment manufacturing industry;a kind of global production based on domestic demand,representing industry is oil processing,Coking and nuclear fuel processing industry;(2)The manufacturing industry,mainly as a downstream sector of the national value chain,participates directly in the global value chain,and the service industry mainly as the upstream sector of the national value chain to support the manufacturing industry indirectly participate in the global value chain;(3)Our country still relies on the declining labor-intensive manufacturing industry to embed the bottom of the global value chain,but the position of the knowledge-intensive manufacturing industry embedded in the global value chain is gradually But China’s service industry is embedded in the global value chain of the level and position is low,but it is gratifying that 2005 years later,the knowledge-intensive services industry embedded in the global value chain,the rapid rise in the global value chain,the trend of China’s service industry is increasingly obvious.At last this paper aims at "how to improve the embedding GVC position of manufacturing industry in our country",and empirically analyzes the effect of service and reverse outsourcing on the GVC position of manufacturing industry in China from the perspective of Industry Association.The statistic results show that the service of China’s manufacturing industry has been kept low,while the reverse outsourcing of services is characterized by "rapid rise-slow decline-steady recovery".Among the three manufacturing types,labor-intensive is the lowest service level in China’s manufacturing industry,which has the highest service reverse outsourcing rate,and the service level of knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive manufacturing is much higher than that of labor intensive manufacturing.The empirical results show that the service of China’s manufacturing industry has not improved the embedded GVC position of China’s manufacturing industry,but the reverse outsourcing of services has significantly enhanced the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry and improved the embedding GVC position.This shows that China’s manufacturing and domestic service industry linkage mechanism weak,foreign services and domestic manufacturing industry linkage effect stronger,on the one hand,our country should continue to push forward the reverse outsourcing of services,actively use the foreign advanced service elements to serve the domestic manufacturing upgrading targets,on the other hand,we should encourage the manufacturing industry to develop local service outsourcing business,so as to build a complete and benign interaction of the national value chain,get rid of the However,the reverse outsourcing of services will not inhibit the negative effects of China’s independent innovation,but also a general concern of domestic scholars,the study found that:reverse outsourcing of services to the manufacturing industry has a significant technical spillover,it can effectively improve the innovation output of the manufacturing industry,but the absorbing ability of the reverse outsourcing technology is depended on the domestic innovation human capital investment,and the domestic innovation human capital investment can not only improve the manufacturing innovation output directly,but also improve the absorptive capacity of technology spillover Indirectly promote the innovation output of domestic manufacturing.Therefore,it is an important way and choice to realize the strategy of "innovation-driven" in our country to cultivate and invest the high quality innovative talents continuously and efficiently.The innovation point in this paper is mainly embodied in:(1)distinguish the traditional calculation method,this paper uses KWW model to decompose a country total export value module,on the one hand,the total exports of China’s value added to the export decomposition into two parts:the final foreign absorption of domestic value-added exports,back to the domestic value of the increase in exports,on the other hand,for the first time to identify the value of any country to repeat the value added exports,we will refer to Based on the result of KWW model decomposition,we can not only re-evaluate the country’s real export scale and income,but also judge a country’s embedding GVC mode and level based on the structural change of total export value module.(2)In this paper,the application of value-added trade accounting method is from the national level to the industrial level and the bilateral level,so as to judge the depth,mode and embedding position of China’s industry participation in GVC,and analyze the influence of manufacturing service and service reverse outsourcing on the GVC position of manufacturing industry in China from the perspective of Industry Association.