| As the core unit of signal acquisition in the Internet of Things,sensor devices are continuously developing towards intelligence,integration,and low power consumption,and are widely used as signal sensing nodes in typical all-weather monitoring applications such as unmanned,state monitoring,and situational awareness.At present,sensor monitoring systems urgently need to address the following technical bottlenecks:First,common battery power supply methods have problems of continuous energy degradation,high replacement frequency,and insufficient long-term endurance,making it difficult to achieve self supply of energy,and the recyclability of a large number of batteries is not compatible with environmental friendliness;Secondly,the traditional wired alternating current power supply method is difficult to wiring,making it difficult to adapt to the needs of large-scale,remote unattended monitoring applications in the wild and wireless self-sensing functions.Therefore,how to optimize the operational power consumption of sensor devices and improve long-term operational reliability from the perspective of energy supply and signal conversion,has attracted continuous attention and focused research by researchers in the field of intelligent sensing.Aiming at the need for reliable acquisition of key parameters in typical environmental and ecological monitoring,and addressing the common challenges of continuous power input and electrical signal output of sensor devices,this thesis proposes a design method for self-sensing devices based on environmental ubiquitous micro energy capture.Based on photovoltaic,triboelectric,and magnetoelectric conversion effects,structural optimization and material modification strategies are utilized to efficiently collect micro energy sources such as solar energy,wind energy,and raindrop energy in the environment,thereby driving the operation of sensor device.And the output sensing signals are used to characterize key factors such as light,wind,and rainfall related to the input energy.Research on the basic theory of self-sensing,design methods,integrated manufacturing,and experimental verification of has been focused.The main innovative work is as follows:(1)To address the difficulty of energy self-sufficiency of sensing monitoring systems,an efficient energy capture method for composite structure is proposed to achieve efficient collection of multi-source environmental energy.The film with micro-pyramid array structure has been designed.Gradual refractive index,van der Waals force weakening,and triboelectric/electrostatic induction synergistically improve the anti-reflection and self-cleaning effects of solar cells.Compared with traditional tempered glass,the short circuit current density and power conversion efficiency of solar cells can be increased by 7.56%and1.45%respectively.The output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is improved by using micro-structured surface modification and dual mode integrated structure.The structure and size of the conductive coil are optimized to improve the output performance of the electromagnetic generator.(2)Based on the integrated strategy of composite structure,the energy enhanced capture methods for hetero-doping is further proposed.By introducing conductive fluorinated carbon black particles with low surface energy,the interfacial polarization effect of TENG is enhanced.The dielectric property of TENG is enhanced by using conductive ionic liquid as functional filler.A low interfacial stress transition layer is introduced,which improves the charge retention ability of TENG.The introduction of three heterogeneous materials can increase the triboelectric output voltage by 4.67 times,8.75 times,and 3.75 times,respectively.On the basis of microstructure modification,the adopted chemical modification strategy has further enhanced the output performance of triboelectric micro-energy.(3)A multi parameter self-sensing technology is proposed to address the bottleneck of wireless self-sensing technology.Based on the research on enhanced capture of micro energy,an integrated micro-energy collection device was designed to further explore the coupling relationship between different electrical output signal characteristics and corresponding external input excitation.Based on the regular change trend between the output current of solar cells and light intensity,the illumination self-sensing technology is proposed,with a sensitivity of 11.94 m A/10~4lux;Based on the consistent change trend between the output voltage of triboelectricity and rainfall intensity,the rainfall intensity self-sensing technology is proposed,with a sensitivity of up to 441.57 V/(m L/(s·cm~2);Based on the linear relationship between the output voltage frequency of triboelectricity and the wind speed,the wind speed self-sensing technology is proposed,with a sensitivity of 1.871 Hz/(m/s).Thus,the integrated device can realize the intelligent monitoring of multiple environmental parameters.(4)The research on self-driven integrated intelligent sensing microsystem has been carried out and the self-sensing function has been systematically verified.An integrated sensing micro-system is constructed by combining micro-energy efficient acquisition device and multi-parameter self-sensing technology.Based on the characteristics of alternating current and direct current output signals,a bridge rectifier circuit and power management circuit are designed,which can improve the energy transfer efficiency of composite device by2.69%and achieve stable output suitable for electronic devices;The wireless transmission module is designed to realize intelligent sensing suitable for complex scene environment information;The host computer interface is designed for real-time monitoring of three types of environmental information;The performance of micro-energy composite output and multi-parameter wireless sensing is tested experimentally,and the feasibility of integrating“energy supply+function”into the integrated sensing microsystem is verified.The composite structure integration and hetero-doped environmental micro-energy enhanced capture methods proposed in this study solves the problems of continuous power input and self-supply for large-scale distributed sensor devices.The proposed self-sensing technology of illumination,rainfall intensity,wind speed and the integrated sensing micro-system provide a new idea for solving the electrical signal output of sensor devices and realizing wireless self-driven intelligent sensor microsystem,which has broad application prospects in the field of intelligent environmental monitoring. |
