Research On Technology Opportunity Discovery Based On Problem-Solution(P-S)

With the advent of the era of knowledge economy and the continuous development of science and technology,information technology has become more and more advanced,and enterprise competition has become increasingly fierce.Technological innovation capability has become an important competitive factor among countries,regions,and cities.My country has also successively released a series of technological innovation strategies to construct a national innovation system and build an innovative country.The discovery of technology opportunities is an important prerequisite for technological innovation.Usually,technology opportunities generally refer to the possibility of technological progress,and some of the elements involved in the technology itself and its development process are closely related to technological opportunities.Correct,timely,effective and early detection of technology opportunities is the basis and premise of technological innovation decision-making.In addition,identifying key technical problems in the field has become the basis for subsequent technological innovations,as well as the current needs of the country and industry.Discovering the contradictions in technological innovation and strengthening the problem orientation of technology opportunities play an important role in leading scientific and technological workers to better grasp the direction of innovation breakthroughs,conquer key core technologies,and promote technological innovation.A relatively standardized and systematic research paradigm is being formed in the field of technology opportunities discovery(TOD): the scope of technology opportunity discovery can be technological innovation points,new technologies,technological forms,or technological development trends,industrial impacts,etc.Technology opportunities can be identified in a variety of ways,such as through mining technological gaps,technological integration,undiscovered technological forms,differences between science and technology,etc.,and form their own representative research methods and processes.The representative method of researching contradictions and innovations—Problem-Solution(P-S),namely P(Problem)-S(Solution),has also been valued and developed,providing a new perspective for researching technology opportunities.But on the whole,TOD lacks attention to technical problems.TOD for technical problems and solutions has not yet formed a systematic research framework.P-S has not been fully applied and developed in technology opportunity discovery research,and also lacks attention to unique and new technologies,especially unique new technologies that can solve key technical problems in the field,and technology opportunity discovery may be incomplete.In terms of research methods,the problem representativeness of technology problems data sample is not strong,there is a lack of in-depth exploration of the topic of technical problems in the later stage,and outlier mining technology opportunities also do not reveal the technical scope very well,the above deficiencies need urgent attention and further solution and improvement.In view of the shortcomings of existing research,this paper based on problemsolution(P-S),carried out key technical problem analysis and technology opportunity discovery research in the field,and designed a set of technology opportunity discovery framework guided by technical problems and oriented to technical problems and solutions.The technical problems to be studied in this paper are in a narrow sense,that is,the defects and deficiencies in the technology itself,which can be expressed as problems in technology,engineering parameters,performance or technical solutions,and efficacy.The technology opportunities to be finally discovered are those that can solve key technical problems in the field Among them,key technical problems are a subset of technical problems,which refer to the types of problems that are relatively important,have a significant impact on technological development,and can play a decisive role in technical problems.The whole research uses the P-S guiding ideology,topic model,and outlier detection method to discover technology opportunities by identifying key technical problems in the field and novel and unique new technologies in technical solutions,focusing on exploring and constructing a multi-text analysisframework for identifying key technical problems in the field and a framework for discovering technology opportunities based on multi-attribute outliers.When the former identifies key technical problems,the patent specification,the conclusion of the review paper and the technical requirement document are selected as data sources for comprehensive analysis.When the latter is used to discover technology opportunities,the patent text is used to specifically identify the technical solutions to key technical problems and the technology chance contained in them.Finally,combined with practice,the validity and accuracy of the research framework proposed in this paper are verified by taking the graphene technology field as an example.Compared with the previous research ideas and methods of technology opportunity discovery,the framework of technology opportunity discovery proposed in this paper can strengthen the problem orientation and practical significance of technology opportunities,and can discover the possibility of technological innovation more comprehensively,completely and timely.The core research work and main research innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)A problem-solution(P-S)guided technology opportunity discovery framework was constructed and validatedIn view of the current TOD lack of attention to technical problems,the lack of a systematic framework and guiding scheme for the current technology opportunities research oriented to technical problems and solutions,the insufficient practice of the technological contradictions promote theoretical innovation,not adequately been applied and developed of P-S in the research of technological opportunity discovery,and the neglect of some early developing,hidden and unique new technologies,resulting in incomplete discovery of technology opportunities,this paper uses the problem-solution(P-S)as the guiding ideology to constructs a technology opportunity discovery framework for technical problems and solutions by establishing the correlation between technical problems,solutions and technology opportunities.The whole framework follows the research process of discovering problems—finding solutions—discovering technology opportunities.Based on the premise of analyzing key technical problems in the field,it focuses on finding solutions that can solve key problems,novel,unique and high advanced technology possibilities.The entire research framework includes two sub-frames,which are the identification of key technical problems in the field based on multi-text analysis and the discovery of technology opportunities based on multi-attribute outliers.The in-depth layers of the framework can reveal the key contradictions of technological innovation and the possibility of technological development and implementation from top to bottom,and the technology opportunities it discovers are also more problem-oriented and closer to the technological innovation process.Finally,this paper selects the field of graphene to carry out demonstrations,and explores the key technical problems and possible technology opportunities in this field,which not only effectively verifies the framework proposed in this study,but also provides a useful reference for the decision-making and technological development of relevant innovation activities in this field.(2)A method for key technical problems in the field of multi-text recognition is proposed.In view of the lack of representativeness of data samples for technical problems,subjectivity of results,and lack of evidence,the study emphasizes multi-source analysis of technical problems,and identify key technical issues through a comprehensive analysis of the technical background of the patent specification,the conclusion of the thesis review and the technical requirements document that are more representative of the problem,which makes the description of technical problems more comprehensive and accurate,and reduces the subjective dependence on people.Empirical evidence shows that all three types of texts can play a unique role in mining technical problems,and the three can jointly realize the mining of key technical problems.(3)The IPC context-enhanced Content-LDA topic model is proposed.In view of the lack of in-depth topics in the later stage of technical problems,resulting in the inability to quickly and effectively obtain the research content of technical problems,the research uses topic models to model technical problem texts.However,most of the existing topic models lack topic scenarios,and their ability to identify topics is insufficient.This paper optimizes them,and it mainly through IPC which can represent technical and functional,to perform contextual enhancement and representation of vocabulary,a context-enhanced Content-LDA topic model is proposed.The case study proves the superiority of the IPC context-enhanced ContextLDA model,which can represent each other through IPC and topic words,not only has strong generalization ability,but also has more significant topic interpretability.It can improve topic readability and recognition and achieve effective analysis of the topic of technical problems.(4)The idea of outlier multi-attribute weighting is proposed.The current outlier/outlier detection methods cannot fully reveal the technical attributes and technical scope.In view of this,this paper proposes an outlier multiattribute weighting method.Mainly by considering technical attributes,selecting important attributes for extraction and weighting to reveal the technical scope,combining entropy weights and experts to confirm weights in the weighting process,and finally choosing to use the improved CLOF(Cluster-Based Local Outlier Factor)outlier algorithm mining potential technology opportunity patents,so as to further discover technology opportunities.The idea and calculation method of outlier multiattribute weighting can enrich the related research on outlier detection and technology opportunity discovery.45 diagrams,35 tables and 7 appendices,are included in this dissertation.