| High-quality development is the primary task of comprehensively building a modern socialist country,and accelerating the realization of self-reliance in high-level science and technology is the only way to promote high-quality development.Building a strong education country is a strategic precursor to building a strong modern socialist country in an all-round way,and an important support for achieving self-reliance in science and technology at a high level.Higher education,as the leader of the strategy of education power,plays a key role in leading China’s economic and social development and independent scientific and technological innovation.High-level universities,as the focus of the construction of a powerful country in education,will become an important strategic force supporting China to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the rapidly improving academic competitiveness and international influence of Chinese universities have attracted much attention,and the construction of high-level universities has achieved remarkable results,made historic achievements and undergone structural changes.All sectors of society pay great attention to the important role of high-level universities in promoting enterprise innovation.From the perspective of academic competitiveness,this study identifies high-level universities in China according to the Shanghai Ranking’s Academic Ranking of World Universities(ARWU).First of all,combined with inco Pat global patent database,Patsnap global patent database of university-enterprise patent transfer data,university-enterprise joint patent application data,review the number of high-level universities in China from 2003 to 2022,high-level university-enterprise technology transfer,high-level university-enterprise research and development alliance of two decades of evolution.From the perspective of university-enterprise technology transfer and university-enterprise R&D alliance,this paper uses social network analysis method to visually analyze the high-level university-enterprise cooperation network,measure the node centrality and identify the network community,and reveal the characteristics of the high-level university-enterprise cooperation network in China.Secondly,Combined with Chinese mainland A-share market listed company data,from the macro level of the number of urban universities and the micro level of university-enterprise contact,the effect and mechanism of the number of high-level universities,technology transfer of high-level universities and university-enterprise R&D alliance on enterprise innovation are empirically-tested.Finally,based on the main conclusions of this paper,the author puts forward corresponding suggestions on how to promote the economic and social development,technology transfer and collaborative innovation between university and enterprise.As for the characteristics of high-level universities participating in the school-enterprise cooperation network,the research finds that:(1)With the continuous increase in the number of high-level universities in China,the depth and breadth of technology transfer and R&D alliances of high-level universities and enterprises are also continuously strengthened.From the visual results of China’s high-level university-enterprise cooperation network,the high-level university-enterprise technology transfer network and the high-level university-enterprise R&D alliance network are in a trend of continuous development and expansion.(2)Both the measurement results of nodal centrality of high-level university university-enterprise technology transfer network and the measurement results of nodal centrality of high-level university university-enterprise R&D alliance network show that the nodal centrality of high-level university has obvious horizontal heterogeneity and vertical dynamics.(3)From the results of the identification of China’s high-level university-enterprise cooperation network communities,the high-level university-enterprise technology transfer network and the high-level university-enterprise R&D alliance network have obvious "small world".The larger and more complex the network,the more network communities it contains,and the network communities show a skewed distribution.As for the impact of the number of high-level universities on enterprise innovation,the research finds that:(1)The construction of high-level universities in China has achieved remarkable results,and the impact on enterprise innovation has been continuously improved.The number of high-level universities in the city where the enterprise is located helps to improve the innovation output of the enterprise.The above conclusions hold true regardless of the identification of high-level universities based on the QS World University Rankings,or considering the level of urban economic development,the total number of urban university students,the level of research investment of urban undergraduate universities,and excluding the impact of special samples such as Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen on enterprise innovation.In addition,the more high-level universities in the city where the enterprise is located,not only can improve the quantity of enterprise innovation output,but also can improve the quality of enterprise innovation output;High-level universities with stronger academic competitiveness have a greater role in promoting enterprise innovation.(2)Talent agglomeration effect and environmental incentive effect are the mechanisms by which the number of high-level universities affects enterprise innovation.At the micro-enterprise level,the number of high-level universities in the city where the enterprise is located can promote the agglomeration of high-level human capital of the enterprise,improve the innovation ability of the enterprise team,and thus enhance the innovation output of the enterprise.At the macro city level,the advantage of the number of high-level universities in cities can improve the innovation output of enterprises by improving the urban innovation environment.(3)In terms of academic leadership,space spillover and alumni resources,the influence of high-level universities on enterprise innovation still has a large room for improvement.High-level universities lead the influence of non-high-level undergraduate universities on enterprise innovation.If there are no high-level universities in the city where the enterprise is located,the influence of non-high-level undergraduate universities on enterprise innovation is limited.There is no significant spatial spillover effect of high-level universities on enterprise innovation.Local high-level university alumni resources help enhance the innovation output of enterprises.As for the impact of technology transfer of high-level universities on enterprise innovation,the research finds that:(1)Technology transfer of high-level universities can improve the innovation output of enterprises,and the technology transfer of high-level universities has a greater promoting effect on enterprise innovation than that of non-high-level universities.Further robustness test from the four aspects of changing the number of lag periods,excluding the substitution effect of university technology license,excluding the substitution effect of other types of technology transfer,and using PSM-DID to change the identification strategy still shows that high-level university technology transfer can improve the innovation output of enterprises.(2)Absorptive capacity has a moderating effect on the impact of technology transfer from high-level universities on enterprise innovation.Enterprises with high-level absorptive capacity are better able to bring into play the benefits of technology transfer from high-level universities,thereby improving the innovation output of enterprises.(3)The influence of high-level university technology transfer on enterprise innovation performance is different in time,and the promotion effect of high-level university technology transfer on enterprise innovation is greater after the18 th National Congress of the CPC;The technology transfer of high-level universities has different effects on the innovation of enterprises in different listed markets.The technology transfer of high-level universities has the largest improvement on the innovation output of enterprises on the main board,and the promotion effect on the innovation output of enterprises on the small and medium-sized enterprise board and the GEM board is similar.As for the impact of high-level university enterprise R&D alliance on enterprise innovation,the research finds that:(1)high-level university enterprise R&D alliance is conducive to improving enterprise innovation output.Compared with non-high-level university enterprise R&D alliance,the establishment of school-enterprise R&D alliance with high-level university has a greater promoting effect on enterprise innovation.Further use of propensity score matching method and instrumental variable method for endogeneity analysis,as well as considering the impact of the number of high-level universities in the alliance,the impact of the intensity of alliance cooperation,the impact of the remote branches of high-level universities,and the substitution impact of related enterprise R&D alliances and other robustness tests,still show that high-level university-enterprise R&D alliances can help improve the innovation output of enterprises.(2)Cooperation spillover effect and value creation effect are the mechanism by which high-level university-enterprise R&D alliances affect enterprise innovation.High-level university-enterprise R&D alliance helps to increase enterprises’ R&D investment,especially in terms of R&D expenditure and R&D personnel,so as to improve enterprises’ innovation output.Compared with patents jointly filed with non-high-level universities,patents jointly filed by enterprises and high-level universities can improve the number of self-citations obtained in cooperative enterprises.Therefore,patents filed jointly with high-level universities have greater value as innovation "seeds" in driving the future innovation performance of enterprises.(3)The knowledge spillover of universities decreases with the spatial distance.At the level of university-enterprise spatial connection,the establishment of university-enterprise R&D alliance with local high-level universities is more conducive to improving the innovation output of enterprises than the establishment of university-enterprise R&D alliance with high-level foreign universities.In addition,the cooperation experience of establishing school-enterprise R&D alliances with high-level universities is more conducive to enterprises obtaining high-level university technology transfer. |
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