Research On Functional Training For Snap Shot And Its Kinematic Characteristics’ Analysis Among High-level Men’s Ice Hockey Players

Background:With the opportunity of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games,China’s winter sports have been greatly developed,including the Chinese ice hockey team is the first time to participate in the Winter Olympic Games,marking China’s ice hockey on the international stage has taken an important step,but from the competition results,China’s ice hockey competitive level compared with foreign strong teams still have a certain gap.How to improve the performance of ice hockey players in order to improve the competitiveness of Chinese ice hockey in the World Series is urgently discussed.Many studies at home and abroad have shown that in the shooting technology of ice hockey,the ejection technology is the core technology,which has a great impact on the competitive level of ice hockey.Therefore,exploring the characteristics and training needs of ice hockey ejection technology and scientifically arranging the training content of special action mode are the key to enhance the performance of action and win the game.Objectives:(1)To explore the kinematic influencing factors and muscle activation intensity characteristics of men’s ice hockey players’ ejection techniques,and clarify the training needs of ejection techniques.(2)Starting from the principles and concepts of functional training,according to the training needs of ejection athletes and combined with the athletic dysfunction of athletes,design targeted functional training programs to improve weak links,strengthen special action modes,and improve athletic performance.(3)Compare the impact of functional training and traditional physical training on the performance of special movements of ice hockey ejection technology,demonstrate the optimization effect of functional training,interpret the feasibility of functional training applied to ejection technology,and provide valuable reference ideas for improving the level of men’s ice hockey players’ ejection technology.Methods:By using the method of literature,expert interview and Delphi method,the test indexes of kinematics and sports performance were determined.According to the obtained test indexes,kinematics and surface EMG tests were carried out on 20 athletes from the Ice hockey school team of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports by means of measurement method.The obtained data were processed and analyzed by mathematical statistics(factor analysis,step-by-step linear regression,one-way ANOVA),and the kinematic influencing factors and muscle activation intensity characteristics of ice hockey bouncing technology were summarized.The training requirements of ejection technology are clarified.After that,20 male students from the ice hockey special class of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports were randomly divided into two groups:the experimental group and the control group.Functional training and traditional physical training were conducted for 12 weeks,3 times a week,respectively.The intervention effects of functional training and traditional physical training were tested and compared by means of paired sample T test and independent sample T test.Results:(1)Kinematics characteristics of men’s ice hockey players’ ejection techniques.The kinematic characteristics of the push stage can be composed of five common factors,and the stepwise regression equation is as follows:Y=0.600+0.025*Rotating speed of the wrist joint holding the bar+0.009*rotating speed of the shoulder joint holding the bar+0.007*Angle of the hand holding the bar;The kinematic characteristics of the wrist-shaking stage can be composed of 6 common factors,and the step by step regression equation is as follows:Y=0.600-0.055*knee/ankle rotation speed of the supporting leg+0.047*ankle-knee Angle of the supporting leg-0.044*elbow joint rotation speed of the holding pole;The kinematic characteristics of the swinging stage can be composed of 6 common factors,and the stepwise regression equation is as follows:Y=0.600-0.066*rotating velocity of the wrist joint holding the bar+0.044*shoulder joint Angle of the holder-0.057*Angle of the supporting leg joint.In terms of time characteristics,the average time of push-off stage is 0.253 seconds,which is significantly longer than the other two stages.The average time of shaking the wrist from the ball is only 0.089 seconds,which is the shortest of the three stages.The average time of the swing and bounce stage is 0.176 seconds,and the length of time is between the first two stages.In terms of muscle activation intensity,the muscles with higher activation intensity were external oblique(45.8%),vertical spine(45.7%),femoris posterior(43.6%),gastrocnemius(43.1%),rectus abdominis(42.6%)and pectoralis major(42.4%).The muscles with higher activation intensity were erector spinalis(60.1%),tibialis anterior(59.7%),biceps brachialis(59.5%),gastrocnemius(59.4%),brachioradialis muscle(58.6%)and external oblique abdominalis muscle(58.5%).The muscles with high activation intensity were tibialis anterior muscle(49.1%),femoris posterior muscle(47.5%),erector spine muscle(47.3%),rectus abdominis muscle(47.0%),latissimus dorsi muscle(46.8%)and brachioradialis muscle(46.3%).(2)Design and empirical study of functional training scheme for men’s ice hockey players.Upper limb performance:Before intervention,the grip strength of the pole holding hand of the experimental group and the control group(P=0.138>0.05)and IRM bench press(P=0.835>0.05)There was no significant difference;After intervention,intra-group comparison found that the P-values of the stickholding hand strength and 1RM bench press of the athletes in the two groups were less than 0.05,indicating that there was a significant improvement after intervention.The results showed that the grip strength(P=0.029<0.05)and 1RM bench press(P=0.033<0.05)was significantly higher than that of control group.Torso performance:Before intervention,the athletes in the experimental group and the control group had plank support(P=0.516>0.05)and rotational explosive power(P=0.094>0.05)There was no significant difference;After the intervention,intra-group comparison found that the P-values of the athletes’ plank support and rotation explosive power in both groups were less than 0.05,indicating that there was a significant improvement after the intervention.Comparison between groups showed that the experimental group athletes’ plank support(P=0.046<0.05)and rotational explosive power(P=0.028<0.05)was significantly higher than that of control group.Lower extremity performance:Before intervention,1RM squat of athletes in experimental group and control group(P=0.130>0.05)and 1-minute Bulgarian squat(P=0.617>0.05)There was no significant difference;After intervention,intra-group comparison found that the P values of 1RM squat and 1-minute Bulgarian squat of athletes in both groups were less than 0.05,indicating a significant improvement after intervention.Comparison between groups found that the experimental group athletes 1RM squat(P=0.001<0.05)and 1-minute Bulgarian squat(P=0.040<0.05)was significantly higher than that of control group.Specific speed performance:Before intervention,half-time sprint of athletes in experimental group and control group(P=0.574>0.05)and shooting speed(P=0.889>0.05)There was no significant difference;After intervention,intra-group comparison found that the P values of half-court sprint and shooting speed of athletes in both groups were less than 0.05,indicating that there was a significant improvement after intervention.The results showed that the half-court sprint of the experimental group(P=0.013<0.05)and shooting speed(P=0.002<0.05)was significantly higher than that of control group.Conclusion:(1)Kinematic characteristics:The kinematic influencing factors in the stage of lifting and pushing are mainly the rotatory speed of the wrist joint of the holder,the rotatory speed of the shoulder joint of the holder and the joint Angle of the holder;The kinematic influencing factors of the wrist-off stage are the rotation speed of the knee joint of the supporting leg,the Angle of the ankle joint of the supporting leg and the rotation speed of the elbow joint of the holding pole.The kinematic influencing factors of the swinging stage are mainly the rotation speed of the wrist joint,the Angle of shoulder joint of the holder and the Angle of the supporting leg joint.Time characteristics:the average time of starting and pushing the ball is the longest,the average time of shaking the wrist from the ball is the shortest,and the average time of swinging and bouncing the ball is in between.Muscle activation intensity characteristics:the overall activation intensity of trunk muscle group was higher than that of upper limb and lower limb,and the highest activation intensity of upper limb,trunk and lower limb muscle group were brachioradialis muscle,external oblique muscle of abdomen and posterior muscle of femoris muscle group respectively.There was no significant difference in the activation intensity of upper limb,trunk and lower limb muscles in the stage of shaking the wrist from the ball.The highest activation intensity was erector spinalis,biceps and tibialis anterior muscles,respectively.The activation intensity of the lower extremity muscle group was higher than that of the upper extremity and trunk,and the highest activation intensity of the upper extremity,trunk and lower extremity muscle group were brachioradialis muscle,erector spinalis muscle and tibialis anterior muscle,respectively.(2)In this study,the functional training program of men’s ice hockey players’ ejection technique is divided into three stages.The task of basic motor function training stage is to optimize the quality of basic motor mode,mainly to develop flexibility and stability;The task of the general motor function training stage is to develop the general physical level,mainly to improve the general strength and general speed;The task of the special motor function training stage is to develop the performance of the special movement mode,improve the technical performance,and mainly improve the special strength and special speed.(3)Both functional training and traditional physical training can improve the performance of specific movements of men’s ice hockey ejection techniques,but functional training is superior to traditional physical training in training effect.