| Purpose:Basketball is an influential sport in the world.The development and rise of basketball is an important symbol of "Sporting Nation",and the development of youth basketball is the foundation and guarantee of basketball in China.In recent years,China’s U17 men’s basketball performance has been declining.Physical fitness has become an important influencing factor.The U17 stage is a critical period for the physical development of men’s basketball players.But there are still some problems in the physical evaluation of basketball players in China.In view of this,the purpose of this study is to construct a physical fitness evaluation index system for Chinese U17 men’s basketball players with Chinese characteristics,in line with the actual situation of Chinese teenagers,and to simplify data calculation and management through software development in order to improve the understanding and awareness of coaches and scientific researchers on the physical development characteristics and development level of players,help them accurately grasp the real training effect and physical fitness level of players,and promote the practice of Chinese basketball youth training to be more scientific and precise.At the same time,it provides data support for the selection,training monitoring,and scientific participation of youth basketball in China in the future,and promotes the high-quality development of youth basketball in China.Methods:The structural elements of the physical fitness evaluation of U17 men’s basketball players in China were comprehensively analyzed by literature,expert interviews,Delphi and other research methods.A large number of sample data were obtained by test method.A structural model was established by mathematical statistics,and the weights and evaluation standard of physical fitness evaluation index were determined,which provided a reference for quantitative evaluation of the physical fitness level of U17 men’s basketball players.Additionally,a representative U17 was selected by case study method the men’s basketball team was used as a case study to apply the physical fitness evaluation system of U17 men’s basketball players in China constructed by this study.Results:(1)In accordance with the scientific,systematic,comprehensive,operable,on the basis of the principle of objectivity,through two rounds of Delphi method to delete and optimize some physical fitness evaluation indices,combined with the centralized discussion and discussion of front-line authoritative basketball coaches,the architectural model of physical fitness evaluation indices of U17 men’s basketball players in China was preliminarily determined.Then the structural model was verified and optimized through exploratory factor analysis(EFA)and reliability test analysis.And finally established the architecture model of physical fitness evaluation indices of U17 men’s basketball players in China.It is composed of 4 major structural elements:body form,physiological function,posture control and athletic quality.(2)The physical fitness evaluation index system of U17 male basketball players in China was constructed.This system consists of three components:evaluation indices,index weights,and evaluation standards.The evaluation indices include 4 first-level indices and 22 second-level indices.The weights of the indices were as follows:body form 0.143(0.040 for height,0.059 for Quetlet index,0.044 for arm span),physiological function 0.161(0.052 for cardiac function index,0.060 for lung capacity,0.049 for instantaneous heart rate after exercise),postural control 0.203(0.037 for overhead squat assessment,0.058 for single-leg squat test,0.107 for landing error scoring system),athletic quality 0.493(0.039 for standing long jump,0.038 for jumping on both feet,0.037 for one-legged jump,0.038 for Davis test,0.037 for one-minute push-ups,0.043 for 3/4-basketball-court acceleration run,0.036 for 5.80m×6 shuttle run,0.042 for LEFT,0.037 for hexagonal movement tests,0.037 for sensitivity test in the restricted area,0.036 for the one-minute double under jump rope,0.038 for the one-minute sit-ups,0.035 for the 15m×17 shuttle run).Additionally,the percentile method was used to establish the five-level individual index evaluation standards and comprehensive evaluation standards for the physical fitness evaluation of U17 men’s basketball players in China.These standards can detail the individual development level and overall fitness level of each component of the physical fitness for U17 men’s basketball players.(3)The rationality of the physical fitness evaluation index system of U17 men’s basketball players in China after the addition of posture control index was verified from the theoretical level,the experts’ subjective judgment level,and the objective analysis level of Fisher’s linear discrimination.According to the analysis results,it is deemed necessary for the posture control index to become an important evaluation index within the physical fitness evaluation index system for U17 men’s basketball players in China.Furthermore,the physical fitness evaluation index system for U17 men’s basketball players in China,which was constructed in this study with the addition of posture control,is superior to the traditional evaluation index system consisting of three types of indices:body form,physiological function,and athletic quality.(4)The"Chinese U17 Men’s Basketball Player Physical Fitness Evaluation System" has been developed and completed using the python language.The system allows input of the original data from a basketball player’s physical fitness test through the data input interface.After processing by the software,it outputs the U17 men’s basketball player’s body form score and grade,physiological function score and grade,posture control score and grade,athletic quality score and grade,as well as the physical fitness comprehensive score and grade.It also features a database function for data storage.(5)The U17 men’s basketball team from the Affiliated High School of Peking University was selected for practical application.Using the average physical fitness indices of the top 16 male athletes in the 2022 National U17 Youth Basketball League as a benchmark,this study established the optimal and inferior reference standards for the scores of the first-level evaluation indices and the second-level individual evaluation indices of the physical fitness of U17 men’s basketball players in China.Based on these standards,situation radar charts were created for both individual players and the team as a whole from the Affiliated High School of Peking University for the first-level and second-level evaluation indices.An analysis of the situation judgment results was then conducted.The results were found to be highly consistent with the overall physical condition assessed through the subjective impressions of coaching staff,which further validates the effectiveness and operability of the physical fitness evaluation index system constructed in this research.However,the analysis in this study is based on judgment results derived from quantitative data analysis,which offers a higher degree of scientific rigor and a more refined level of detail,thereby providing a more targeted approach.This also serves as a basis for coaches and scientific researchers to develop personalized physical training strategies in a scientific manner.Conclusions:(1)In this study,the physical fitness evaluation index system for U17 men’s basketball players in China was constructed,which includes 4 first-level indices and 22 second-level indices.It can be used for the physical fitness evaluation of U17 men’s basketball players,and it has been proven through practical application that the index system can effectively reflect the real physical fitness level of players,and it possesses good scientific validity,practicability,and operability.(2)The physical fitness evaluation of U17 men’s basketball players in China can be assessed across four dimensions:body form,physiological function,posture control,and athletic quality.For U17 male basketball players,the importance of each element of physical fitness is ranked as follows:athletic quality>posture control>physiological function>body form.(3)It is necessary for the posture control index to become an integral part of the physical fitness evaluation index system for U17 men’s basketball players in China.The physical fitness evaluation index system for U17 men’s basketball players in China,once posture control has been added,is superior to the traditional evaluation index system.(4)The "Chinese U17 Men’s Basketball Player Physical Fitness Evaluation System"was programmed and developed,which can improve the efficiency of the physical fitness evaluation index system in practical application and avoid calculation errors,and can store the physical fitness data of players,so as to provide data support forjudging the training effect,formulating training plans and selecting talent. |
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