Crisis And Reshaping: Research On Village Sports Subjectivity

China is a large agricultural country with thousands of years of farming civilization.Chinese villages have a long history,and village sports develop as villages take shape,develop and evolve.Since the time of traditional society,village sports have been a part of villagers’ daily production and life,accompanied by the dynamic balance and symbiotic coexistence between national development,social change and villagers’ choice.At different historical stages,village sports play specific roles defined by specific times,so as to balance the needs of social development and villagers’ development needs.Since modern times,the traditional society has gradually changed,and the village sports culture that emerges spontaneously and is inherited from generation to generation has also been subjected to interference of strong external forces,showing a fragmented form of development or fading out of people’s sight.Featuring the concepts of “small region” of“rural sports”,village sports have received increasing attention from scholars and researchers,and in the new era,study on natural villages has been integrated into the mainstream of rural revitalization and rural social governance,and becomes the focus of rural sports research.Previous studies have emphasized the importance of “things” in village sports,but have rarely addressed this topic from the perspective of “people”.Therefore,this paper takes villagers in village sports as the research object,analyzes the survival and development of village sports among villagers,and explores “what villagers’ sports behavior does and does not do and how to do it”,which is the main purpose of this study.This study,based on a typical case-the reappearance of sports in the 100-year-old Kong Village in western Shandong Province,aims to examine the crisis and reshaping of village sports subjectivity with the theoretical support of Marx’s subjectivity theory and structuration theory.The research findings are as follows:1.At the different historical stages of sports in Kong Village,the villagers’ active and selective sports practice is the key factor to ensure the healthy development and continuous presence of village sports.And village sports against the will of the villagers only end up lacking substance and becoming means and tool to meet the needs of social development.Village sports under the marginalization of subject value are doomed to be transient.2.The village sports subjectivity means that villagers possess the subject status of village sports,and it is based on the villagers cognition and practice to realize unity of villagers’ willingness,participation,and sharing of power and value.It reflects the autonomy,initiative and creativity of villagers in village sports participation.Villagers are the owners and implementers of the subject power and ability,and share village sports achievements.Villagers as the subject of practice of village sports are the basis for the realization of the subjects of power and value,the subject of power is the guarantee of the subjects of practice and value,and the subject of value is the ultimate goal of the subjects of practice and power as well as the core idea of the village sports subjectivity.3.The village sports subjectivity consists of four essential attributes of villagers as the subject of consciousness,participation,power and value.At different stages of village sports,the changes of the four factors are influenced by whether the villagers are present,absent or in limbo,and the actual state of the villagers is inseparable from the governance of village society.The variation of the village,the manager’s instrumental rationality and cognitive limitations all lead to the alienation of the villagers from the village sports.And the expansion of individual subject and the weakness of grassroots government give rise to crisis of village sports.4.The crisis of village sports subjectivity is partly caused by neglecting the law of practice of village sports subjectivity,and the cost curve of villagers’ participation in sports explains the deep-rooted reason.The cost index of village sports consumption ranging from 0 to 1 shows that the villagers have low willingness to participate,and are unwilling to get in involved in what they deem as unworthy sports behaviors,so village sports centered on villagers go off target.The subjectivity deviation determined by the cost curve is mainly manifested in the “discourse power deviation between government and villagers’ subjectivity” in terms of village sports and the“village sports subjectivity value deviation” from the perspective of consumption economy.The village sports subjectivity practice shows the change of sports’ functions in specific times,which reflects the imbalance and adaptation of village sports culture.The development logic should conform to the dynamic balance of state regulation,social integration and individual choice.Villagers are the subject of practice of village sports,so whether they choose to participate in village sports should be taken into consideration in national planning,social progress and individual needs.The presence of villagers as practice subject is the interaction between villagers’ subjectivity and social structure,which contains the cost measurement of villagers’ participation at different historical stages of social development,the cost curve of village sports reveals whether the shift of village sports value subjectivity.5.The village sports consumption cost in a sense shows that those with higher income do not necessarily have stronger intention to participate in sports,and there is no linear relationship between sports consumption intention and per capita income.With the increase of income,the villagers’ overall willingness has not increased significantly.The sports consumption intention of the special groups of rural people,such as migrant workers,village enterprises employees,the self-employed and enterprise managers,is higher than that of the villagers who stay in the countryside.The low intention of sports consumption puts limits on the diversification and entertainment of villagers’ participation in village sports.The consumer society is the fundamental reason for the villagers to be absent or in limbo when it comes to village sports.The dominant economic value and the recessive fitness value determine that villagers show low willingness to consume sports and they take into consideration the resulting economic loss,which leads to the shift of village sports value subjectivity.6.The value shift from “individual subject” to “people subject” is the inevitable trend of the formation of village sports subjectivity in the new era.In constructing the concept of people subjectivity,it is necessary to reshape the formation mechanism of village sports subjectivity,and to grasp the epistemology of people subjectivity,the value theory of interactive subjectivity and the ontology that highlights happiness and recreation in village sports.To ensure synergy between the subject status of villagers and the development of villages,the unity of the purpose of “people”and institutional arrangements in village sports is an important theoretical basis and practical path to resolve the current crisis of village sports subjectivity.