The Influence Of Knowledge Framework And Visual Search On Perceptual Decision Of Tennis Service Receiving

The development of tennis requires players to have fast perceptual decision-making skills in addition to proficient catching techniques and accurate movement control.Knowledge framing and visual search are important research areas in perceptual decision-making,and the two complement each other in terms of research content and research methods,and are important for in-depth analysis of expert software advantages.This study draws on the research results of perceptual decision-making in sports to investigate the knowledge framework and visual search patterns in the process of expert players’ catching and serving,aiming to discover the characteristics of experts’ visual search behaviour and the cognitive mechanisms underlying perceptual decision-making,establish a theoretical model of perceptual decision-making,and design a perceptual decision-making training method to apply expert catching and serving visual search behaviour patterns and knowledge framework to novice training to improve their The research results will be useful for explaining the perceptual decision making process in tennis.The results of this study have theoretical implications for explaining the psychological mechanisms of perceptual decision making in tennis catching and serving.Study 1 used a qualitative research method to identify the factors influencing perceptual decision making during expert serve receiving,to analyse the quantitative and qualitative differences in expertise concepts during serve receiving between participants of different levels,and to explore the expertise framework for perceptual decision making in tennis serve receiving.Ten tennis level 1 players were selected as a group of experts and 10 tennis specialist students from the School of Physical Education as a novice group.Through in-depth interviews and data analysis,contextual information,motor information,movement concepts and target concepts were identified as key influencing factors in perceptual decision making for receiving serves.Based on the characteristics of the important time points of the receive-serve,an expert tennis receive-serve information priority sequence model was proposed;based on the interactions of four influencing factors: contextual information,motor information,the skill level of the receiver and the tactical choice of the receiver,a knowledge framework for tennis receive-serve perceptual decision making was developed.Study 2 used eye-tracking recording technology to explore the effects of different serving speeds and different fixation time points of the serving action on the expected judgement and response to the point of ball drop,and to record and analyse the characteristics and differences in visual search behaviour of participants with different levels of movement.The participants in the experiment consisted of an expert group(10 Division I players)and a novice group(10 tennis-specific students from the School of Physical Education).The experiment used a 2(group: expert group,novice group)x 2(speed: first serve,second serve)x 3(time points: T1,T2,T3)multi-factorial mixed design.The results showed that the expert group made faster and more correct judgments of catch-serve expectations,showing an expert advantage over the novice group in perceptual decision-making.The results of the analysis of eye movement recording and visual search behaviour in temporal,spatial and trajectory dimensions showed that the expert group in the first serve condition had shorter gaze times and fewer gaze counts than the novice group.In the second serve condition,the experts showed more complex visual search behaviour,presenting rapid,multiple eye jumps during the gaze at the server preparation phase and prolonged gaze at the head-shoulder position and the blank area of the ball during the throwing phase,focusing on the racket’s contact with the ball.This suggests that the expert group had a performance of anticipatory gaze behaviour during the visual search during the catch and serve.Study 3 used a 2(group: sequential,inverse order)x 2(speed: first serve,second serve)x 3(time point: T1,T2,T3)multi-factorial mixed experimental design,with the sequential group(sports academy tennis students,8 males and 2 females)undergoing knowledge framework learning followed by visual search training,and the inverse order group(sports academy tennis students,7 males and 3 females)undergoing The dependent variables were expected judgement of serve drop,response and visual search behaviour.The test was conducted before,during and after the intervention to investigate the effect of the sequence of knowledge framework learning(2 weeks)and visual search training(2 weeks)on expected judgement of serve drop and response at different fixation times,and to record and analyse the characteristics and differences in visual search behaviour between the two groups.The results showed that the knowledge frame learning group had a greater advantage over the visual search training in terms of the accuracy of the expected tee drop;the reverse order group had a greater advantage over the sequential group in terms of the accuracy of the expected tee drop,especially at the earlier frame times.Eye movement behaviour recording and analysis revealed that the increase in correctness was due to the formation of a better pattern in terms of the allocation of gaze time in the area of interest,and the stability of the visual search pattern.Based on these results,the following conclusions were drawn from this study.Motion information and contextual information form the model for the sequence of catch and serve information priorities,and the complex organisation of motion information,contextual information,catcher skill level,and catcher tactical choices form the expert knowledge framework.They are intrinsic to the performance of the expert’s perceptual decision making on the catch and serve,and are the cognitive mechanisms that ensure the rapidity and accuracy of the expected judgement and selection responses.Experts perform better in perceptual decision making in the second serve condition,especially in terms of correctness significantly higher than novices.Efficient visual search allocation and visual search patterns are extrinsic dominant behaviours in the perceptual decision making performance of the expert catcher,and are behavioural performance characteristics that ensure rapidity and accuracy of anticipatory judgement and choice responses.Knowledge frame learning helps to develop anticipation in visual search assignment,visual search training helps to simplify visual search patterns,and knowledge frame learning has advantages in the accuracy of anticipatory judgments of serve drop at early action fixation times.Promoting specificity in visual search allocation,consistency in visual search paths,and a greater advantage in the correctness of anticipatory judgments of serve landing points,especially in the accuracy of anticipatory judgments of serve landing points at earlier times.