| Since the initiation of Reform and Opening-up in China,a large number of rural laborers have moved to cities for employment.The transfer of rural labor force employment is conducive to narrowing the urban-rural income gap,eliminating rural poverty,and promoting urban and rural economic growth.Continued promotion of rural-urban migration is of great significance to improving the level of urbanization rural migrant workers has gradually become one of the important components of urban labor market.In recent years,problems such as the difficulty of finding employment in cities and the high pressure of life of rural migrant workers have gradually become prominent.The number of people returning to farming has increased,and the growth rate of migrant employment has decreased.The imbalance between the supply and demand of rural migrant workers among various regions has become prominent.The problem of job selection diverted out of the real economy is serious and the persistence of transfer of employment is poor.These problems have a negative impact on the urban labor supply structure and supply stability,interfere with the healthy development of the urban labor market,and are not conducive to the rapid upgrade of the urban industrial structure and the stable development of the social economy.Thus the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for Employment Promotion" and "14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)for National Economic and Social Development " both clearly set the resolution of structural employment contradictions as one of the important goals.Scholars have also explored the employment problem of rural migrant workers from multiple angles.More attention is paid to the impact of housing prices on the choice of cities for employment of rural migrant workers.Compared with housing prices,housing rent has a more direct impact on the employment decision-making of rural migrant workers.Especially in recent years,the housing rent of rural migrant workers has been increasing,and it is more meaningful to explore the impact of housing rent on the employment of rural migrant workers.In his article,systematically studies were made on the relationship between housing rent and the employment choice of rural migrant workers from the four dimensions of employment city selection,employment industry selection,employment occupation selection and employment continuity.Based on the existing research,the housing rent was introduced into the employment search model by combining the relevant theories of labor migration and employment search,discussing the impact of the housing rent on the employment of rural transferred labor and its mechanism from the theoretical level,and further empirical analysis was made.Results of the research in this paper show that a lower level of urban rent can attract rural migrant workers to work in cities,but a higher level of housing rent will hinder rural migrant workers’ employment in cities.The theory of labor migration believes that the pursuit of improvement in production and living conditions is the main motivation for the transfer of employment of rural labor.Higher income and higher-quality public services in cities are an important pulling force for the transfer of employment of rural labor.In fact,higher rents in cities also mean better development prospects,more job opportunities,and better public services.However,rising rents in cities are also gradually narrowing the net income gap between individual employment in urban and rural areas,weakening the pulling effect of cities,and becoming a major impetus to hinder the transfer of rural labor to cities.Through theoretical analysis and empirical research,the existence of the push-pull effect is further verified,and an inverted U-shaped relationship of the impact of the housing rent on the choice of cities for employment of rural migrant workers is obtained.The impact of the housing rent on the employment industry and employment choice of rural migrant workers was analyzed from the two perspectives of increasing employment income or reducing rent expenditure.Results of the study show that the housing rent can accelerate the trend of rural labor transfers to work in the tertiary industry,and exacerbate the problem of job selection diverted out of the real economy in industry selection for urban labor.The housing rent will also promote the migration of rural labor force from conventional operational occupations to conventional knowledge occupations.In addition,the housing rent will make the rural migrant worker more inclined to choose industries or occupations with housing benefits,such as the life service industry of the tertiary industry or unconventional operational occupations.The theory of employment search believes that ideal occupations require a lot of social connections and ample free time to search.The higher the rent burden,the more it will hinder the upward mobility of rural migrant workers.Restricted by economic pressure,they willingness engaging in unconventional knowledge of higher professional status will declined.The empirical analysis of this article confirms that the housing rent will hinder the upward mobility of rural migrant worker.The impact of housing rent on the employment sustainability of rural migrant workers was also analyzed.From the perspective that the housing rent will increase the retained income of rural migrant workers and increase the frequency of job changes,the impact of the housing rent on the sustainability of rural migrant workers was analyzed.Results of the study show that the housing rent will have a restraining effect on the long-term residence willingness of the rural migrant workers,and the increase of the housing rent will significantly reduce the long-term residence willingness of the rural migrant workers.Further research found that the stronger the sense of identity that migrant workers get in the city and the more public services they receive,the weaker the impact of the housing rent on their willingness to stay for a long time.Therefore,social identity and public services have a moderating effect on the impact of rent burden.In addition,the results of this article also show that there are significant differences in the impact of housing rent on the employment of rural migrant workers from different regions,different families and different individuals.For cities with lower levels of economic development or farther away from home,the higher the rent burden,the fewer migrant workers will enter.For rural migrant workers who can get a higher income or a lower economic burden,the housing rent has less influence on the choice of cities.The rural migrant workers with different income levels and different economic pressures can bear different rent burdens.The higher the degree of education,the richer immigration experience,or the older migrant workers,the housing rent will have a weaker impact on their industry and career choices.The longer the stay in the local area,the more stable the employment,the higher the education level,or the more social capital of migrant workers,the stronger their ability to bear the housing rent and the weaker the inhibitory effect of rent.Compared with the existing literature,the possible innovations of this article are mainly reflected as follows: First,systematically studies of the impact of housing costs on the employment of rural migrant workers from the perspective of housing rent was made in this article.The employment impact of rural migrant worker is more direct,but few scholars have carried out relevant research from the perspective of rent alone.The research perspective of this article can further enrich the relevant research on employment choices of rural migrant worker;second,the impact of the burden on the employment of rural migrant workers was studied from multiple dimensions,based on the existing theories and cutting-edge research results,a targeted analysis of the mechanism of impact of the housing rent on the employment city selection,employment industry selection,employment choice and employment sustainability of rural migrant workers was made,and the impact of housing rent on the supply of rural migrant worker in cities was further analyzed,enriching the research dimensions of the impact of housing rent on the employment of rural migrant worker from both the micro and macro levels;third,the rent theory,labor supply and migration theory were integrated into the analysis framework of the search theory,the mechanism analysis of the impact of the housing rent on the employment of rural migrant workers is carried out from the aspects of retained wages,job search costs and search comprehensive income,and the comprehensive income model of employment search including the rent burden,search costs and expected benefits was established,enriching the research methods of the impact of housing rent on the employment of rural migrant worker;fourthly,the heterogeneous influencing factors of different cities,different families and different individuals are included in the analysis framework to explore the difference of the impact of housing rent on the heterogeneity on the employment of rural migrant worker,providing a decision-making reference for promoting the urbanization of rural migrant worker.Combined the perspective of reducing the rent expenditure of rural migrant workers and increasing their income with the research conclusions,some suggestions were given about develop management in the urban housing rental market,housing security for rural migrant workers,employment training and guidance for rural migrant workers,exerting the wealth effect of rural land,and promoting the urbanization of rural migrant worker: First,it is necessary to vigorously cultivate and develop the housing rental market,stabilize urban housing market rents to ensure that rent increases are in harmony with local income levels,incorporate the solution to the problem of renting houses for rural migrant worker into the management objectives of the housing rental market,and guide social housing to enter the rental market to increase the supply of housing in the low-end rental market;secondly,it is necessary to improve the urban multi-level housing security system to increase housing security for rural migrant worker,the characteristics of urban government’s affordability and phased housing needs should be taken into consideration When designing reasonable housing security access standards,and the method that existing public rental housing can be rented to rural migrant workers through renting can be attempted;thirdly,it is necessary to increase the skill training of rural migrant worker.Taking the knowledge-based skills that are in greater demand in various industries and occupations as the training orientation,and the training of new technologies and new fields(such as intelligent manufacturing,professional services,etc.)for rural migrant workers to meet the technical requirements of rural migrant workers in the new era was strengthened,thereby increasing their labor income and broadening their career choices;finally,we must deepen the "people,land,money" linkage policy,increase the intensity of public service transfer to rural labor,so that rural migrant worker can better integrate into urban life,thereby increasing the sustainability of its transfer of employment,promoting them to finally complete the citizenship. |
