Research On The Training Model And Effect Of Postgraduates In Early Period Of New China(1949-1966)

Graduate education is a professional education based on undergraduate education,which aims at cultivating high-level professionals.It is the concentrated embodiment of national talent competition and science and technology competition.The 17 years after the founding of new China is an important historical node of China’s graduate education.Its graduate education practice not only laid the institutional foundation for the recovery and development of graduate education and the establishment of degree system after the reform and opening up,but also cultivated a large number of high-level talents for the development of science and technology and the long-term development of higher education in New China,which had a far-reaching historical impact.A comprehensive and in-depth study on the training model and effect of the graduate education in early period of new China will help to explore the wisdom of graduate education in China,enrich and expand the historical and theoretical research of graduate education in China,and has important enlightening significance for the current reform of graduate education.This paper investigates the development process of graduate education in early period of new China,explores the connotation,implementation characteristics and effectiveness of the training model,summarizes the experience of high-level talent training,and deepens the understanding of talent training rules,so as to provide reference for the reform and development of graduate education in the new era.Based on a large number of historical materials and related materials,this study is carried out through literature analysis,case study,statistical analysis,theoretical analysis and other methods.The whole thesis consists of five chapters.The first chapter discuss the founding process of the graduate education system in early period of new China.The second chapter comprehensively explain the connotation,characteristics and formation process of the postgraduate training model,and reveals the construction of postgraduate training model from four aspects:the adjustment of postgraduate training objectives,the reform of enrollment methods,the improvement of training methods,and the establishment of quality assurance mechanism.The third chapter analyze the characteristics of the implementation of graduate education through a comparative study of the practice of graduate education in different disciplines.The fourth chapter,taking Beijing Normal University as a case,discuss the typicality and implementation process of graduate education.The fifth chapter discuss the effect of graduate education in early period of new China,analyze the causes,sum up historical experience and summarize the reality inspiration.Through historical investigation and theoretical analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions.First,under the guidance of the principle that education serves production and construction,the graduate education of new China has risen and developed in order to meet the practical needs of higher education reform and economic construction for high-level talents.At a critical time in history,the new China has established the graduate education system and training model,which reflects the pioneering spirit of cultivating high-level talents and accomplishes the mission entrusted by the times,which has important historical significance and value.In second,the graduate education in early period of new China established strict political and professional standards,aiming at training professional teachers and researchers in Colleges and universities,which promote the formation of professional postgraduate training model and provide a reference for the recovery and development of graduate education after the reform and opening up.In third,the enrollment model of postgraduate students wavered repeatedly in two ways of entrance examination and recommendation and exemption from examination in the early period of new China.Finally,the enrollment examination system combining national unified examination with independent proposition of colleges and universities was established.The enrollment principle of "better shortage than overuse and ensuring quality" was established,which was helpful to select excellent students and lay a good foundation for talent cultivation.In forth,the graduate education in the early period of new China based on the actual needs,adjusted the training objectives,improved the training standards,selected high-quality students,strictly selected tutors,established a curriculum system combining general education with special education,strengthened teaching and scientific research training,and made the training methods flexible and diverse.Through the establishment of a strict academic assessment system and thesis defense system,strengthen the management of student status and teaching quality management,establish and improve the financial aid system and a series of measures to ensure the quality of personnel training.The practice has proved that the graduate education in the early period of new China has cultivated a large number of high-quality talents for the development of science,education,culture and economy in China,which not only enriched the research power of universities and scientific research institutions at that time,but also made indelible contributions to the cause of reform and opening up,and its training effect is worthy of recognition.In fifth,the experience of graduate education in the early period of new China provides important enlightenment for today’s graduate education reform:graduate education must grasp the correct goal orientation,adhere to moral education,based on the actual needs;We must give priority to the efficiency of postgraduate enrollment,rather lack than abuse,and ensure the quality;improving the level of tutors is an important guarantee of graduate education;graduate education should adhere to the cultivation of high-level talents with solid disciplinary foundation and broad academic vision;the cultivation ways and methods of high-level specialized talents should be diversified according to the needs of the times;the combination of teaching and scientific research is an effective way to improve the quality of education.