Research On The Spatiotemporal Characteristics And Spatial Spillover Of China’s Basic Public Service Level

Since the reform and opening up more than 40 years ago,our country’s economy has maintained rapid growth,and social development has undergone tremendous changes.The contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and the unbalanced and inadequate development has become the main contradiction in today’s society.Among them,the inequality of basic public services is a major manifestation of the unbalanced and inadequate economic development of our country.Basic public services are related to the protection of people’s livelihood.They are the most concerned and closely related to their own interests.They are also the core content of the modern public service system.Since the 6th Plenary Session of the 16 th Central Committee proposed to "gradually realize the equalization of basic public services",the differences between regions,urban and rural areas and groups in China’s basic public services have been narrowing,but there are still obvious inequalities.As China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development,the people’s demand for basic public services has continued to grow,and the problem of insufficient and unbalanced supply of basic public services has become increasingly prominent.Therefore,under such a realistic background,to construct a theoretical analysis framework for our country’s basic public services,empirically examine the regional differences and dynamic evolution of China’s basic public services,and use spatial econometrics to study their spatial spillover effects,which will help promote the balanced development of basic public services.It has important theoretical and practical significance to comprehensively promote the equalization of basic public services and promote the realization of common prosperity.This paper takes the basic public service level in China as the research object and follows the idea of "theoretical analysis of basic public service level → measurement of basic public service level → analysis of regional differences and dynamic evolution of basic public service level → analysis of spatial spillover effect of basic public service level → Conclusions and suggestions".The research contents mainly include the theoretical framework of the basic public service level supply in China,the evaluation system and measurement of the basic public service level,the analysis of the spatial factors affecting the basic public service level,and the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the improvement of the basic public service level in backward areas and the equal development of the whole region.Chapter arrangement mainly includes 8 chapters,through the summary of domestic and foreign relevant literature,this paper reviews the related theory of basic public service,and combs the vicissitudes of the supply stage of basic public service level,vicissitudes logic and the relationship between equalization and common prosperity of basic public service.Then,a basic public service measurement system is constructed to measure the basic public service level of 30 provinces in China during 2007-2019.The Dagum Gini coefficient,Kernel density estimation method and Markov chain are used to analyze the regional differences and dynamic evolution of the basic public service level of eight comprehensive economic zones.Then the paper analyzes the spatial influencing factors of basic public service level from the theoretical level,and constructs the spatial econometric model to investigate the local and spatial effects of each influencing factor.Finally,it puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of basic public services in backward areas and promote the equal development of basic public services in regions.The main conclusions of this paper include:(1)The change of basic public service supply in China goes through three stages: low level average supply,differentiated supply and equal development.The process of change has profound historical logic,political logic and economic logic.The equalization of basic public services can influence the promotion of common prosperity from four aspects.(2)The overall level of basic public services in China has shown a steady upward trend.From a regional perspective,the difference in basic public services in China has eased but is still prominent.From the perspective of subsystems,the level of the subsystems for nurturing children and learning and teaching is relatively high;the level of subsystems supporting the weak and supporting the elderly is relatively low,which restricts the improvement of the level of basic public services.(3)After 13 years of development,the overall differences in the level of basic public services in the eight comprehensive economic zones has continued to decline.The contribution rate of inter-regional differences is the largest,followed by hypervariable density and the smallest intra-regional differences.In general,the promotion of equalization of basic public services in China should still focus on eliminating development differences between regions.(4)During the inspection period,the basic public service level and equalization level of the whole country and the eight comprehensive economic zones have been significantly improved.The level of some provinces in the national,northern coastal and eastern coastal economic zones is significantly higher than that of other provinces.The polarization of the northern coastal economic zone is obvious.The phenomenon of internal polarization disappeared during the investigation of the eastern coastal economic zone.In the short term,the level of basic public services remains stable.In the long run,the level of basic public services has shifted upward.A high level of spatial lag item type can significantly promote the province’s promotion to a higher level type.(5)The spatial positive correlation of China’s basic public service level is significant.The basic public service level of each province has the characteristics of club convergence,and the spatial agglomeration phenomenon of "high-high" and "low-low" is obvious and tends to be stable.(6)The results of the spatial Durbin model of two-way fixed effects show that the local effects and spatial spillover effects of fiscal freedom,urbanization rate,and fiscal spending capacity are all significantly positive,the local effect of population density is significantly negative,and the spatial spillover effect is positive;the local effect of the level of economic development is negative but not significant,and the spatial spillover effect is significantly positive;the local effect of the transportation infrastructure level is significantly positive,and the spatial spillover effect is significantly negative.Spatial spillover effects are heterogeneous in different regions,levels and periods.The main innovations of this study are:(1)According to the "National Basic Public Service Standards(2021 Edition)",the connotation of basic public services is redefined,and a more complete basic public services level evaluation system is constructed.(2)Using the constructed evaluation system of basic public services level,from the nine subsystems of “seven have two guarantees” respectively measure the level of basic public services for the whole country,eight comprehensive economic zones and 30 provinces municipalities directly under the Central Government,and autonomous regions.Systematically investigate the spatial differences and dynamic evolution of basic public services among the eight comprehensive economic zones.(3)From the perspective of the eight comprehensive economic zones,it is helpful for readers to grasp the development differences between China’s basic public services areas from a smaller space unit,so as to propose more instructive ways to promote the equal development of basic public services countermeasure recommendations.(4)Using the theory of spatial econometrics,a spatial econometric model is constructed,and the spatial spillover effect of the basic public service level and the effect of influencing factors are investigated,which provides a decision-making reference for promoting the equalization of basic public services.