The Economic Policy Practice And Its Experience Enlightenment Of The Hunan,Hubei And Jiangxi Revolutionary Base Areas

The Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas is located in the border area of the three provinces of Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi,and is the hub of the three provinces of Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi,and has a significant strategic position.However,the Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas which was established under the difficult conditions of bankruptcy in industry and agriculture,commercial stagnation and financial chaos,was surrounded by the white regime.It not only had to face the enemy’s frequent military “meeting suppression”,“encirclement suppression” and “clearance suppression”,but also tried to break the enemy’s economic blockade.With the aim of ensuring the revolution,adequate supplies for the Red Army and the toiling masses became the first priority and the most difficult economic problem faced at that time.The proper solution of economic problems is directly related to the mood of the mass struggle and to the basis of Soviet power,and it is therefore urgent to formulate and implement economic policies for the effective development of the economy and the promotion of production.The economic policies of the Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas adapted to the changes of the political environment and development conditions,closely combined the wartime environment and the production mode of small farmers in the practice process,and the interaction of the top-level design and flexible grass-roots practice made the economy of the base areas move from the traditional economy to the semi-socialist economy,pointing to the symbiotic economy in which revolution and economy mutually co-existed.At the root of the economic problem is land ownership.In the revolutionary base areas located in rural areas,land is the most important and fundamental means of production,the relationship between land and farmers is the endogenous variable for the development and consolidation of the base areas,and the corresponding land ownership policy is also the most fundamental in the economic policy of the base areas.In order to solve the dilemma of economic development,the two policy modes of “state-owned” and “private” land ownership were explored in the base areas,“Opposed to state-owned land and advocated private ownership of peasants”,the policy of “confiscating part of the land of the rich peasants” was proposed earlier when it came to the rich peasants.Moreover,it is especially explained that the confiscation of this “part” of the land of the rich peasants refers to the leased land with the nature of feudal exploitation,which has realized the maximization of economic and political benefits.The agrarian revolution in the base areas changed the ownership of land and other economic properties,and the old relations of production were reformed.The change of production relations promotes the development of productive forces.Agricultural production is a major issue related to the survival of base areas,and agricultural industry is also the basic industry for social and economic construction and development.The Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas promulgated relevant policies and set up special agricultural management and production organizations to help rational allocation of limited resources.When developing agricultural production,the base areas considerd service production as the underlying logic,and stimulated production vitality through agricultural production cooperation organizations and other production institutions to help increase production capacity,resort to reward land reclamation,management of forest,livestock,fishery,water conservancy,improve technology,competition incentives,rewards for hard work and punishment for laziness and other policies,agricultural production in the base areas have been restored and developed under the guidance of correct policies.However,whether the level of agricultural production can be further and rapidly improved depends on the degree of industrial development in the base area,so the related policies of industry are also an important part of the economic problems in the base area.In formulating industrial policies,the base areas focused on the munitions industry,driven by the coordinated management of factory directors and workers,and established trade unions,guaranteed the support of the masses,and reversed the position of workers and peasants.When promoting the recovery of the transportation,the post and the telecommunications industry,the base areas established traffic stations,organized traffic lines,formed traffic network and traffic brigades,it facilitated the communication between the upper and lower leaders,the uploading of documents and the exchange of cadres.In order to solve the supply problem of the large-scale revolutionary war,to resist the economic blockade of the Kuomintang and the excessive exploitation of merchants,the commercial trade system was established in the base areas,and when constructing the wartime business model,it insisted on internal freedom and external management,regard the state economy and the cooperative economy as the main body,protected and encouraged the private economy.It created an internal market with three-dimensional linkages between Soviet shops,consumer cooperatives,and private businesses,formed a foreign trade network with transit bureos,exchange houses,and trade bureos as the main body to adjust surpluses and shortages,and opened up red and white trade channels when it relied on the internal and external“double cycle” trade system,these initiatives promoted material supply,and improved people’s lives.Finance is the “four beams and eight pillars” of local economic regulation and control policies.In improving the efficiency of finance,the base areas had formulated a coordinated policy of financial guidance and financial support.Finance “takes from the enemy,from the people,from ourselves,from the war and from the people”,and financial stability enables financial sustainability.The gradual establishment of the Supiao market,the exchange of commodity surplus for cash surplus,and the maintenance of the value of Supiao all promoted the stability of the financial and financial order and even the entire economic order in the base areas.The economic policies of the base areas have not been smooth sailing in practice,it was in addition to being damaged by the Kuomintang’s military encirclement and economic blockade externally,the economy of the base areas was also seriously interfered with by the “leftist” mistakes within the party,so that the economy of the base areas once fell into a predicament because it was divorced from reality.Guided by Marxist theory,the party and Soviet governments in the base areas promptly corrected their mistakes,took advantage of changes in response to the complex and changeable reality,and avoided and reduced the losses caused by the “leftist”mistakes.The top-level planning stopped at making changes that didn’t hinder sustainable development and didn’t harm the interests of the masses,so that the economic policy of the Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas had become more perfect,gave birth to economic efficiency and ensured the healthy development of the economy.The economic policy and practice of the Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas not only conforms to Marx’s land property theory,production theory,industrial thought,commercial theory and circulation theory,fiscal theory and monetary and financial theory,but also supported the revolutionary war,consolidated the revolutionary regime,improved the lives of the military and the people in its exploration,germination and development,it had accumulated historical experience in developing the economy by paying attention to “focusing on revolutionary struggle,giving priority to the development of agriculture,and adhering to a pluralistic economic structure” when the base areas was in the process of exploration,germination and development.The economic policy and practice of the base areas is the early practice of China’s modernization under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,which integrated Marxist theory with the reality of the China’s revolution and China’s traditional economy,fully mobilized and relied on the participation of the masses,stood firm on the people’s standpoint,and effectively solved the problems of people’s livelihood.Today,standing in the new historical orientation of holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and uniting and striving for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country,the times and national conditions are different from the period of the Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas,but we can still draw contemporary enlightenment from the economic policy and practice of the Hunan,Hubei and Jiangxi revolutionary base areas,to unlock the code of how to develop and how to sustain development.