Marx’s Monetary Philosophy And Its Contemporary Value

In recent years,the global outbreak of financial crisis has once again stimulated people’s thinking on the modernization of capitalism characterized by currency,capital and finance,which is the theme of Marx’s critique of political economy.Up to now,money is still the standard and basis for maintaining the meaning of human life and constructing the picture of human survival.Under the control of money,people’s life shows the characteristics of materialization,quantification and homogenization,consumption and accumulation have become the supreme pursuit of the ultimate.People who yearn for free and all-round development in the natural state have transformed into people who unilaterally pursue money in real life.Therefore,how to correctly deal with the relationship between man and money and avoid people losing themselves in the process of pursuing money has become a focus of philosophical concern in the era.Marx created the "first exhaustive monetary theory" in the history of thought with his "brand-new viewpoint".This theory not only clearly presents the context of money itself,but also focuses on the relationship between people and money,deeply perspective the existing situation of people in the era of "money fetishism",and tries to explore the road of human liberation through currency criticism.Although this theory and this road have been more than a century away from the present,the thought itself has not gradually retired due to the erosion of time.Marx is still our contemporary.Marx’s monetary philosophy still has very important guiding significance and time value for the construction of a new "monetary view" in the process of Chinese modernization in the new era.In order to investigate Marx’s monetary philosophy,we must first answer the precursors of Marx’s monetary philosophy research and examine its theoretical source and realistic background.The essence of "Jewish problem" is the relationship between "Jews" and money,while the relationship between Jews and money represents the "Jewish spirit" of "selfishness" in civil society.This problem is not an abstract religious and political problem,but a practical problem covering many fields of politics,economy,culture and religion.It is a broad garden and Theoretical Prototype of Marx’s monetary philosophy.We have to admit that although through the criticism of the "Jewish problem",Marx has gradually turned to the study of political economics and the criticism of the monetary problem,however,this criticism is based on "human nature",committed to the reversal of Hegel’s philosophy,focused on the criticism of alienated labor in capital society,and monetary criticism from the perspective of "should be",which has a strong humanistic color.In fact,although Marx was disturbed by the abstract thought of humanism in the early stage of the formation of Marx’s monetary philosophy,Marx was never a complete humanism.In the critical analysis of money,Marx gradually analyzed and investigated money from the realistic human and objective economic activities and the egoistic nature of civil society,which has touched the logic of implicit social materialism in classical political economics in a philosophical way.The deeper the study of money and the criticism of political economy,the closer Marx is to historical materialism,the more scientific his criticism of money and the more mature his philosophy of money.It is not only the sign of maturity of Marx’s monetary philosophy,but also the theoretical connotation of Marx’s monetary philosophy that he penetrates into capitalist society with the method of historical materialism,criticizes political economy and exposes the general law of the development of capitalist society.Marx’s scientific monetary philosophy is based on the different forms of human social development and the special forms of human existence in capitalist society.It examines the historical relationship between people and money,examines the value demands of people behind money,and endows them with the connotation of human existence.Not only that,Marx also stood at the height of social history,starting from the general law of the evolution of the form of monetary value and the special mode of existence of money capitalization under the capitalist mode of production,and presented the social connotation of his monetary philosophical thought.The enrichment and development of the connotation of Marx’s monetary philosophy was realized on the basis of criticizing Proudhon’s dialectic of political economy and the metaphysical school of political economy and following the methodological principles of the materialist view of history.In the comparison with Weber and Simmel’s Monetary Thought,we can see that whether Marx’s currency as capital,Weber’s currency to disenchantment the world,or Simmel’s currency as a cultural phenomenon,they are the fundamental views and basic views on currency formed in the process of modernity criticism.They are all aware that money has brought crisis and dilemma to modern people’s life,but the three thinkers have embarked on different paths on how to solve the crisis: Marx advocated the elimination of private ownership through social revolution and thoroughly dispelled people’s self alienation in the non sacred image;Weber hopes to break through the "iron cage" of modern society through the revolutionary power of "crisma" personality;Simmel advocated the reconstruction of individuality,particularity and finality with the help of art and religion,so as to change the situation of losing the meaning of modern life and shrinking the feeling of life.In fact,the cultural life and social life of capitalism are derived from the capitalist economy.Therefore,in this sense,Marx’s theoretical effect on the political and economic criticism of modern society is stronger,and Marx’s monetary philosophy touches the basic scientific theory of capital building.In the comparison of the monetary view of modernity criticism,Marx’s monetary view firmly grasps the discourse power of modernity criticism.Similarly,the reason why Marx’s monetary philosophy still shines with the glory of truth in contemporary times lies in that its basic position,viewpoint and method can still focus on the modern society with "capital" as the core.His understanding of the nature of currency and its basic laws still has great guiding significance for the construction of the concept of currency in the journey of Chinese-style modernization in the new era.Since the reform and opening up,with the development of the socialist market economy,China’s traditional "currency concept" has been impacted,and a currency concept with the characteristics of a market economy is taking shape.In the course of China’s modernization construction in the new era,the construction of "monetary view of modern governance","people-centered monetary view" and "monetary view of common prosperity" conforms to the essential requirements of socialism,is close to the theoretical nature of Marx’s monetary philosophy,and is the manifestation of the value purport of Marx’s monetary philosophy in contemporary China.