| Freedom is the spiritual power of human progress,and the main ability of human beings to deal with and coordinate the relationship between man and nature,man and society,and man and himself.In the course of revealing the objective law of the emergence,development and extinction of capitalist mode of production and demonstrating the“two certainties”that capitalism must be replaced by communism in the future,Marx pointed out the lofty ideal and realistic road to realize the free and all-round development of human beings and the beautiful communist society.The world today is going through a great change not seen in a hundred years.There is a great chess game of “rising east and falling west” in the world pattern.Socialism will lead the direction of economic globalization and the development of human society and defeat capitalism will eventually become an irreversible historical trend.It is a natural historical process to realize the free and comprehensive development of human beings and the complete liberation of human beings.Since the end of 2019,the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has posed unprecedented challenges to the survival,development and freedom of human beings.The values of capitalist individual liberalism have suffered a “Waterloo”,and new opportunities have emerged for mankind to turn crises into opportunities when dealing with the relationship with nature and human society.The change of times,the contest of systems,and the sharp contrast between "The rule of China" and "the chaos of the West" have once again aroused the reflection and criticism of the capitalist view of freedom with individualism as the core.China guided by Marxism has provided a new choice for the freedom and future of all mankind.Therefore,what is freedom,why freedom,how to achieve freedom,and for whom freedom is to be fought,are the major questions that mankind must answer today.Is individual freedom absolute,supreme,superior to all? Can socialism and communism bring real collective freedom higher than capitalism? What is the essence of Marx’s theory of freedom that distinguishes bourgeois liberalism? Based on the historical background that the world is undergoing unprecedented changes in a century and the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,this paper analyzes and studies these theoretical and practical problems from both theoretical and practical dimensions.Marx’s view of freedom is the basic viewpoint and theoretical system of what freedom is,why freedom is needed and how to realize the free and all-round development of human beings formed by Marx in the revolutionary practice.It is the core content of the whole Marxist theoretical system.By using the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism,Marx studies the freedom and liberation of the proletariat and human beings in the era of capitalism from the mode of production of material materials and its internal contradictory movement,and scientifically reveals the historical regularity and realistic road of the emancipation of the proletariat and mankind.It is precisely because Marx takes the scientific view of history,namely the historical materialism,as the theoretical foundation,takes the real life of human beings as the investigation object,explores the freedom and liberation of human beings from the real material living conditions and the basic structure of society,criticizes the metaphysical false freedom of bourgeois,and constructs the real form of freedom of human beings in the future society.It reveals the general trend of free development based on the liberation of material productive forces,and provides us with a powerful ideological and theoretical weapon to criticize and transcend the bourgeois narrow view of freedom,and to truly realize the free and comprehensive development of human beings and the complete liberation of science.In this paper on the basis of the classical literature of Marxist freedom,from the history,theory and reality,the overall unity of the three dimensions are comprehensive and further to explore the historical evolution of Marx’s freedom,main content,basic characteristics,the theoretical logic and contemporary development,clarify the misreading of Marx’s freedom theory,expounded the revolutionary change of Marxist freedom and original contribution,On the whole,it presents the internal logic of Marx’s theory of freedom and its historical value and contemporary significance.This paper summarizes the research status and existing important problems of Marx’s concept of freedom in domestic and foreign academic circles,and puts forward the basic ideas and research methods for in-depth study of Marx’s concept of freedom.Chapter one mainly analyzes the historical background and theoretical source of Marx’s view of freedom.This paper analyzes the social and historical conditions and ideological resources of Marx’s view of freedom,and studies the relationship between Marx’s view of freedom and the former thinkers’ view of freedom.The second chapter mainly reveals the historical evolution process of the development of Marx’s free thought.Based on the representative works of Marx in each theoretical period,this paper divides Marx’s thought of freedom into four historical stages,that is,early gestation,preliminary proposal,gradual maturity,deepening development,and reveals the historical development of Marx’s view of freedom.The third chapter mainly discusses the basic content of Marx’s view of freedom.Paper use rises from concrete to abstract to concrete research methods,from the premise condition,the scientific connotation of Marx’s freedom,implementation way to triple dimensions,to system analysis of the basic content of Marx’s freedom,to reveal Marx’s freedom is about the theory of proletarian and human liberation,is the theme of Marx’s scientific theory system and the core principles.The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the basic characteristics of Marx’s view of freedom.This paper reveals the basic theoretical characteristics of Marx’s view of freedom from five aspects: objectivity and subjectivity,criticism and constructiveness,integrity and stage,class and human nature,progress and twists,and shows that Marx’s view of freedom is the unity of science,people and revolution based on practice.The fifth chapter mainly discusses the contemporary theoretical value and practical significance of Marx’s view of freedom.Based on the unprecedented changes in the world and the background of socialism with Chinese characteristics entering the new era,this paper discusses the theoretical value and urgent practical significance of Marx’s liberal outlook on the development of contemporary Marxism in china,the new great march of socialist modernization and the construction of the community of human destiny.The conclusion mainly expounds that the realization of freedom is a specific historical process and the significance of socialism with Chinese characteristics for promoting the free and comprehensive development of human beings. |
