A Study On Preferential Employment For Ethnic Minorities In Ethnic Autonomous Areas

Employment is a fundamental condition for the survival and development of labourers,and the right to employment is a fundamental human right of labourers.The normal employment of labourers is an important way for workers to realize their self-worth and social identity;the full realization of the right to employment has an important impact on the stability and development of the whole society and the country.As "special" labourers,the realization of employment for ethnic minorities has a more profound significance in multi-ethnic countries: social employment is the gateway to modernization for ethnic minorities,full employment enhances the social integration of ethnic minorities,and quality employment helps strengthen their national identity.Therefore,preferential employment for ethnic minorities is not only an economic measure related to the survival and development of ethnic minority labourers,but also a political issue for socialist China to practice ethnic equality and solve ethnic problems.After entering the new period of Chinses economic reform,with the development of China’s market economy and the deepening of social transformation,ethnic affairs have faced numerous tests and challenges,and the employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions have also fallen into difficult situations.In this regard,this paper attempts to address questions of exploring the sources of legitimacy of this preference and seeking how it can be appropriately coped with and adjusted in the context of changing times and societal vicissitudes.This paper takes the employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions as study subjects,and make a more systematic and in-depth study and interpretation of the employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions in terms of their connotation,theoretical basis,operational effect and institutional protection,and other basic and important issues by combining history and present,theory and practice.Apart from the introduction and conclusion,the main text is structured in four chapters as below:Chapter 1 provides a general overview of employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions.This chapter explores the special significance of employment promotion for ethnic minorities and clarifies the core concept of the study,namely,the connotation of employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions,which draws a clear boundary for the scope of the study in this paper.Through authoritative data,the analysis of the characteristics of the employment of ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions provides an objective and realistic basis for further discussions.In the meantime,the development and evolution of employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions are also reviewed in this chapter,and the social adaptability of employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions during historical vicissitudes is further demonstrated.Chapter 2 examines the legitimacy basis of employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions.This chapter explains the theory of minority rights in international human rights law(IHRL)and the Marxist concept of ethnic equality from both the perspectives of international law as well as the Chinese context,and then provides theoretical evidence for the preferential employment of ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions.Besides,this chapter also believes that it is the nature of China’s socialist system,the historical pattern of ethnic development and the realistic needs of ethnic unity that make ethnic minority preferences an important practice for the Marxist concept of ethnic equality.Moreover,while combing through the existing legislation on employment preferences for ethnic minorities and presenting the legal basis for the preferences hierarchically and systematically,a horizontal effect analysis has also been conducted on the relationship between other preferential policies and employment preferences for ethnic minorities in this chapter.Chapter 3 examines the operation of employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions from three aspects: types of preferences,implementation of preferences and difficult situations of preferences.This chapter also classifies ethnic minority employment preferences into categories such as increasing employment opportunities,enhancing employability and promoting regional and industrial employment,analyzes the characteristics and scope of application of different types of preferences.The effects of the implementation of preferential employment for ethnic minorities are also analyzed empirically by using the employment of ordinary ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions and ethnic minority students in university as examples.By dissecting the inherent instrumental thinking of ethnic minority preferences,it is further pointed out that ethnic minority employment preferences also face multiple dilemmas,including path dependence,situational choice of identity,and politicization of ethnic issues.Chapter 4 discusses how to adjust the employment preferences for ethnic minorities under the circumstances of the Chinese economical system and social environment are undergoing a great transformation.The market economy has had a significant impact on the employment environment for ethnic minorities,ethnic minority workers and their employers.Under the situations of market economy,ethnic minority employment preferences have been given rare opportunities for development and have also encountered unprecedented challenges.In the face of such exceptive circumstances,the employment preferences for ethnic minorities in ethnic autonomy regions are supposed to actively respond and make adjustments in terms of eligibility criteria,policy concepts and legislative guarantees.