Empirical Research On Fear Of Crime

Fear of crime has gradually developed into a very important research field in the United States and other countries since 1960s,and its research results have a very important guiding role in screening potential victims,crime prevention and social order.In recent years,research on fear of crime is still being carried out in the United States,Britain and other countries.There are few studies on crime fear in China,and some similar studies focus on the field of social public security or fear of victimization,and there are many theoretical discussions and few empirical studies,so the feedback and help of crime fear to reality cannot be well reflected.After the policy of "improving people’s happiness" was put forward at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the demand for empirical research on crime fear came to the fore.However,due to the disunity of "measuring tools" in the research,it was difficult to form a consistent standard when conducting empirical research,which formed a "dilemma of measuring tool standardization" in the research of crime fear.The other dilemma is "the dilemma of explanation model".The explanation models used in the empirical study of crime fear are "fragile","victimized" and "out of order".However,in the current empirical study,the support for the three models is obviously insufficient.Some studies show support for individuals who are relatively weak in mind and body to show higher crime fear,while others show support for the influence of victimization experience on individual crime fear.However,studies on disordered individuals showing higher fear of crime have drawn different conclusions.In addition,empirical studies are basically conducted in the United States and other western countries,and the applicability of these explanation models in China is not clear,which forms another dilemma of empirical research.In order to solve the "gauge standardization dilemma" and "reason explanation model dilemma" existing in the empirical study of crime fear,this study has explored and integrated several different gauges on the basis of absorbing the frontier research results of crime fear,analyzed the crime fear with mixed analysis method,and combined with the concept of criminal justice.The fear of crime is divided into several major categories:"sex","violence","general property","house property","group","privacy" and "economy".The fear is matched with independent variables by more subdivided items,so as to verify whether the models of "vulnerability","victim" and "disorder" can be effectively and relatively uniformly supported in specific crime categories.Based on the discussion of the concept of crime fear,it is considered that crime fear is an anxiety state caused by the perception of potential danger.In the case of an epidemic,the society is generally anxious.Based on the fragile model,this research will put more emphasis on the psychological part of "physical and mental weakness".On the basis of absorbing the frontier knowledge of individual negative psychological state in psychology and the concept of criminal classification in criminal justice,it will introduce anxiety state and anxiety disorder for the first time,taking into account the accompanying situation of anxiety and depression.Meanwhile,the study on the relationship between depression and individual depression and crime fear of different types of crimes is introduced to further subdivide and confirm the psychological related parts in the fragile model.The core of the victim model is whether experiencing or compensating the victim experience will cause the fluctuation of individual crime fear.It is not difficult to find that this problem actually involves two different items,namely,"experiencing" and "compensating".In practice,it is generally combined into one item to study,but this will lead to insufficient support for the model.On the basis of absorbing the frontier research results of crime fear,this study has for the first time separately substituted the two items into the model for research in China,so as to subdivide and confirm the victim.Community is equally important.Disorder model emphasizes physical and social disorder,and thinks that individuals who are or are experiencing disorder will show higher sense of crime fear.However,most of the disorder studies are carried out around the community.The actual situation in our community is different from that in the United States and other countries.Whether these disorder model studies based on the United States and other countries are applicable to our country is a question that has never been verified in our country’s research on crime fear.This study will combine the frontier theory of crime fear and apply the disorder model to the domestic empirical research field of crime fear for the first time.According to psychology,psychological activities and behaviors are in an interactive relationship,and crime fear will undoubtedly bring about an impact on individual behaviors.This study further analyzes from the perspective of the combination of exploratory integration measuring tool and the corresponding cause model of subdivided items whether the behavior suppression brought by crime fear can be a starting point for improving people’s happiness in a country or region.This study quantifies the crime fear of different types of crimes,and then combines it with the crime rates published in four cities selected by Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the same year,and makes a cross-city comparison to confirm the interaction between crime fear and crime rate.On the basis of exploratively integrating measuring tools,the model of crime fear and the explanation of influencing factors,and further combining the results of frontier research on crime fear in other countries,the interaction with crime rate,and the Party’s guidelines for improving people’s happiness and building the Bay Area of international level,this paper tentatively puts forward the control measures of individual crime fear,further discusses the possibility of standardization of measuring tools for crime fear research,and explores effective methods and supporting measures for improving the happiness of the people of the whole country and the people in the future construction of Greater Bay Area by means of the research data of model support results,and puts forward the possibility of extended research.