Research On The Development And Governance Of Rural Cooperative Economy In The New Era

As an important carrier of rural economic and social development,farmers’ cooperative economic organizations have played an important role in reducing transaction costs,improving the dominant position of farmers in the market,enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural products,and solving the problem of effective connection between "small farmers" and "big market".The government has also formulated and implemented the law on Farmers’ professional cooperatives and relevant supporting policies,which has promoted the standardized development of farmers’ cooperative economy.Nevertheless,in practice,there are still some practical problems in farmers’ cooperative economic organizations,such as low degree of association,inactive management mechanism,imperfect governance structure,imperfect distribution mechanism,insufficient integrated development,insufficient openness,excessive erosion of industrial and commercial capital,lack of common values and so on,which seriously affect the farmers’ enthusiasm for participation and the survival and development of the organization.At the same time,the development of rural cooperative economy is not only an issue of economic benefits,but also a theoretical and practical issue related to the development direction of socialist agriculture,and how to realize the common prosperity of farmers and promote the free and all-round development of farmers.Therefore,both in theory and practice,we need to attach great importance to the development of rural cooperative economy.Based on this,firstly,based on the Marxist cooperative theory,guided by the basic principles of historical materialism and dialectics,this thesis systematically expounds the generation path and development status of rural cooperative economy according to the method of the unity of history and logic and the combination of theory and practice;Then,from the macro and micro levels,this thesis deeply discusses the ownership form,property right structure,operation mechanism,income distribution relationship and the evolution law of organization form of rural cooperative economic organization;Then,on the basis of constructing the theoretical framework of rural cooperative economic development and governance in the new era,integrating Marx’s thought of "community",focusing on human nature and realistic material interest needs,and guided by productivity and market efficiency,this thesis systematically discusses the governance structure and management mechanism of rural cooperative economy under the condition of socialist market economy;Then,from the perspective of socialist market economy,this thesis expounds the essential connotation of Marxist cooperative theory in the new era,and discusses the innovative development of Marxist cooperative theory and practice from different levels;Finally,on the basis of theoretical and practical analysis,combined with the relevant theoretical ideas of Marxism,this thesis logically puts forward the inevitability,guiding ideology,overall framework and basic compliance of taking the development and governance road of rural cooperative economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era,and expounds the important significance of farmers’ free and all-round development,so as to form an organic whole for enriching and perfecting Marxist cooperative theory It is of certain significance to promote the theoretical research and practical development of rural cooperative economy in the new era.The thesis mainly includes the following parts:The first chapter mainly expounds the background and significance of the research,points out the theoretical and practical value of this research,puts forward the research methods,ideas and theoretical basis,and reflects the innovation of the thesis by carefully combing the research on rural cooperative economy at home and abroad;The second and third chapters mainly elaborate the origin and connotation of Marxist classical writers’ cooperative theory and the development and evolution of Marxist cooperative theory in China;The fourth chapter compares and analyzes the theoretical and practical problems of western agricultural cooperative economy,so as to provide a useful reference for the development and governance of rural cooperative economy in the new era.Based on the perspective of Marxist cooperative theory and relevant economic ideas;Chapter V and Chapter VI focus on the governance mode and operation mechanism of rural professional cooperative economy and collective stock cooperative economy in the new era from the perspective of socialization,democratization,marketization and openness.At the same time,they cover the practical significance,governance status,governance improvement,form evolution and government role;The seventh chapter first classifies and regularizes the rural cooperative economic system with Chinese characteristics in the new era,then refines and summarizes the general laws on the basis of the previous analysis and research,and expounds the essential connotation and innovative development of Marxist cooperative theory in the new era from the perspective of socialist market economy.Finally,returning to reality,under the guidance of the basic theory of Marxism,this thesis systematically discusses the inevitability,guiding ideology,overall framework and basic compliance of taking the development and governance road of rural cooperative economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era,and expounds the significance of farmers’ free and all-round development;The eighth chapter is the summary and prospect,which makes a deep and clear summary of the research content,points out the existing shortcomings,and looks forward to the problems that need to be paid attention to and studied in the future.The main innovations of this thesis are as follows:First,research perspective.Following the practical cognition logic of "starting from theory-practical development-Theoretical Innovation-returning to reality",it further deepens the re cognition of Marxist cooperative theory and practice in the new era.At the same time,based on the perspective of Marxist cooperative theory,according to the development context of "the second leap" from individual economy to cooperative economy and then to collective economy,it shows the historical evolution rules of rural economy in the new era from decentralized management to cooperative management and then to collective unified management,broadens the research perspective and enhances the scientificity and logical strictness of the research;Second,theoretical tools.It constructs the theoretical framework for the development and governance of rural cooperative economy in the new era.On the basis of adhering to the Marxist cooperative theory,it integrates the Marxist theory of division of labor and cooperation,"community" thought and "free man Consortium" thought.At the same time,based on the practical needs of the development of rural cooperative economy under the condition of socialist market economy,this thesis reasonably draws lessons from relevant economic ideas,compares and analyzes the theoretical and practical problems of western agricultural cooperative economy,widens the research fields and methods,and enhances the theoretical integrity and supporting explanatory power;Third,research results.First,based on the perspective of Marxist cooperative theory and the basic principles of historical materialism,this thesis expounds in detail the development and evolution of the organizational form of rural collective economy,demonstrates the feasibility and inevitability of adopting a two-step approach to realize the unified production and management mode of rural "collectivization",and further improves the development and governance level of rural collective joint-stock cooperative economy.Second,the rural cooperative economic system has been classified and standardized,forming a new era rural cooperative economic system of complete integration,incomplete integration,endogenous transition,endogenous combination,external embedding and cross-border combination.Third,from the three aspects of cooperation connotation,cooperation scope and cooperation form,this thesis demonstrates the practical evolution characteristics of Marxist cooperative theory from paying attention to concept to returning to reality,from relatively closed to open and inclusive,and from single concentration to multiple coexistence.Finally,from the perspective of socialist market economy,this thesis expounds the essential characteristics of Marxist cooperative theory in the new era,and systematically discusses the innovative development of Marxist cooperative theory and practice from three levels: theoretical system,theoretical connotation and realization path,which further deepens the re understanding of Marxist cooperative theory and practice in the new era.At the same time,on the basis of theoretical and practical analysis,refine and summarize the general laws,and combined with the relevant theoretical ideas of Marxism,logically introduce the inevitability,guiding ideology,overall framework and basic compliance of taking the development and governance road of rural cooperative economy with Chinese characteristics in the new era,so as to form an organic whole and ensure the development and evolution of rural cooperative economy in the direction of socialism.Through careful analysis and research,this thesis mainly draws the following conclusions:(1)In essence,Marxist cooperative theory focuses on how to further develop socialized productive forces,improve the joint possession of means of production,and finally realize the collective production and operation and the common prosperity and free joint development of all members.Therefore,in terms of cooperation concept and specific form,it is not only higher than capitalist agricultural cooperative economic organizations,And it is the essential transcendence of the abstract rational economic man thought and idealistic individualism analysis method of the western agricultural cooperative economic theory.At the same time,the specific practice of rural cooperative economy under the condition of socialist market economy has further promoted the innovative development of Marxist cooperative theory and practice,endowed Marxist cooperative theory with New Era Connotation and practical characteristics,and realized the leap of Marxist cooperative theory from primary practice form to advanced practice form under the new historical conditions;(2)Under the guidance of Marxist cooperative theory,the development of rural specialized cooperative economic organizations in the new era must gradually form a socialized mode of production and a more effective market-oriented management system,and promote the socialization of the property right structure and the possession of means of production of rural cooperative economic organizations while improving the allocation efficiency of production factors,so as to improve the combination of workers and means of production,Promote the further development and expansion of the productive forces of cooperative economic organizations.At the same time,taking Marx’s thought of "community" as the logical starting point,we should enhance the "community" attribute of farmers’ cooperative economic organizations from the dual dimensions of realizing human nature and practical interests,enhance the endogenous joint power,and promote the governance sublimation of rural cooperative economic organizations in the new era;(3)From the practical point of view,the cooperation mode of "enterprise + farmer" at this stage has not established a reasonable interest distribution mechanism and the relationship between the cooperative community,which leads to a large contract performance risk and unbalanced income distribution between the two sides.At the same time,it also leads to the excessive loss of rural resources and agricultural surplus value,which shows that this mode is not the best choice in the current countryside,and there is still room for improving governance.With the development and growth of rural cooperative economy,this mode will be gradually replaced by a more reasonable cooperation mode of "enterprise + farmers’ cooperative organization + farmers",which reflects the essence of workers’ Union,so as to better highlight the cooperation concept of win-win cooperation and shared development;(4)As the market attribute of rural collective stock cooperative economy becomes stronger and stronger,the management mode of traditional administrative orders becomes more and more rigid and unsuitable.It is necessary to form a democratic and effective collective stock cooperative economic management system and a market-oriented and open governance mechanism based on the perspective of Marxist cooperative theory,and further improve the distribution relationship of property rights and benefits and the incentive and supervision system within the organization,Promote the development of collective stock cooperative economy towards higher quality and efficiency.At the same time,it is also necessary to gradually enhance the openness of equity setting,explore the establishment of equity transaction circulation mechanism,realize a wider allocation of resource elements,and promote the formation of a new and more open and inclusive collective stock cooperative economic governance model;(5)From both the theoretical logic of Marxist cooperatives and the practical point of view,China’s agriculture has generally had the material basis for the "second leap".However,due to the different levels of resource endowment and productivity development in various regions at the present stage,it is impossible to directly transition from family operation to collective production,so we can take a two-step approach,First implement the organization form of cooperatives advocated by classical Marxist writers to improve the joint possession of means of production and realize the "transitional" collective unified production and management mode of means of production.When the conditions are ripe,we will implement the unified business model of complete "collectivization" of means of production,so as to promote the further development and expansion of rural productivity and the continuous improvement of production relations,and promote the governance efficiency of rural collective stock cooperation to a higher level;(6)With the development of rural productive forces and the progress of agricultural technology,Marxist cooperative theory has undergone a series of evolution in the connotation,scope and form of cooperation,showing the characteristics of practical evolution from paying attention to ideas to returning to reality,from relatively closed to open and inclusive,and from single concentration to multiple coexistence,It reflects the logical development of Marxist cooperative theory from preliminary exploration to gradual deepening and then to innovative development.At the same time,the introduction of joint-stock system and market mechanism is an effective adjustment and supplement to the traditional Marxist cooperative theory,which focuses on planning and ignores market regularity.It is a higher practical form of Marxist cooperative theory under the condition of socialist market economy;(7)Rural cooperative economic organizations not only have realistic economic functions,but also carry special social effects and spiritual values.They are not only an important part of the socialist market economic system,but also unified in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Theoretically,if farmers’ cooperative economic organizations are only regarded as the main body of market economy,they will lose their correct development direction.Therefore,under the guidance of the basic theory of Marxism,we must deeply understand the historical inevitability of developing the rural cooperative economy in the new era,correctly grasp the guiding ideology,overall framework and basic compliance of the development and governance of the rural cooperative economy,and improve the development model of the rural cooperative economy from the two dimensions of human nature and realistic material interests,Form a governance mechanism that meets the essential requirements of socialist common prosperity and follows the law of market value,take the governance path of rural cooperative economic development with Chinese characteristics,and ensure the healthy development of rural cooperative economy in the direction of socialism.