| Since 1949,the establishment of personal files for citizens is an important measure for the government,organizations and units to carry out social management,organizational management and unit management.From ancient China to the Republic of China,the files that to record personal information always existed.In ancient China,there were genealogical files,imperial examination files and official files and in the period of the Republic of China,there were personnel files,whose basic functions were to serve personnel management activities.In the early days of the foundation of the Communist Party of China,organizations at all levels began to use various forms to register the personal information of Party members and cadres,this was the origin of CPC cadre files.During the Yan ’an period,under the influence of the cadre examination movement and the rectification movement,the cadre files formally formed and gradually improved.The materials accumulated in these two movements became the initial form and main content of the CPC cadre files.Coincidentally,the Kuomintang government also began to file political censorship materials in personnel files,out of a need to check on Communists.While serving personnel management activities,personal files began to have more political review functions.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the scope of cadre files covering had been further expanded,and every citizen under the unit system had a personal file.Cadre files were expanded into personnel files.In order to control class enemies,the government also established political movement personal files for the five categories of class enemies and other socially unstable people.In the original tone of the struggle against the enemy,personal files had been added the color of class struggle.Like other personal files,political movement personal files were a collection of personal information essentially.Through the acquisition of personal information,governments,organizations and units had achieved all-round management and control over class enemies and other socially unstable people.Through political movement personal files,these people’s actions were under the control of the government,and they become "transparent people".The government carried out a policy of ideological reform to the five categories of class enemies,and political movement personal files became an important carrier for them to reform their thoughts.Personal information was siphoned off and put into files,and the government realized bookkeeping management of the five categories class enemies and other socially unstable people.The government was largely focused on the information in the files,not on individuals.As personal information was recorded in files,files were increasingly capable of identifying people,so there appeared a new identity that was independent of the file owner: file identity.In the era of emphasising on ideology and class struggle,the file identity had became one of the most closely related identities with citizens,and rights and obligations,life and death,honor and disgrace were linked to it,so people at that time called the personal file "life and death book".In the process of file identity construction,the responsible organ,the file owner and the third party all participated in it,and the interaction of the three created the final appearance of file identity.However,in a highly integrated society,the behavior of the three parties cannot get rid of the constraints of the policy environment,and the file identity would not change fundamentally due to individual behavior.Relevant materials were still in the files even though the title of five categories class enemies had been removed from them,and they remain the "alternative crowd" in society.After 1976,with the implementation of the government’s measures to adjust social relations,the color of personal files against the enemy and class struggle gradually faded,and political movement personal files also withdraw from the stage of history. |
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