| The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Party Central Committee set "more obvious and substantial progress towards common prosperity for all people" as one of the visionary goals for 2035.In 2020,we are faced with the major strategic task of building a moderately prosperous society and then starting the construction of rural revitalization,which is a year of great significance in the history of poverty management in the new China.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out,"Taking off poverty is not the end,but the starting point of a new life and a new struggle." In the post prosperous society,how to take the road of poverty alleviation and development and consolidate the results of poverty removal is a major issue that China must face.The article provides a more systematic overview of the history of poverty alleviation and development by the Chinese Communist Party since the founding of New China,especially the practical exploration of precise poverty alleviation by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core since the 18 th Party Congress.The importance of China’s poverty eradication efforts and its successful experiences are summarized;at the same time,the problems and shortcomings in the poverty eradication efforts are analyzed,and then path options are proposed to further consolidate the poverty eradication achievements and improve poverty governance after the completion of a moderately prosperous society.Poverty is an extremely complex social phenomenon,involving economic,political,social,ecological and other disciplines,and poverty governance is also a complex and comprehensive project.The United Nations has ranked poverty as one of the top three challenges to social development.The Communist Party of China(CPC)and the Chinese government have always made poverty eradication an important task in the governance of the country,and started poverty management in the true sense.Through the unremitting efforts of generations,China’s poverty management has achieved world-renowned results.In retrospect,the 70 years of poverty alleviation can be roughly divided into four stages,namely,the initial exploration of anti-poverty work at the early stage of the founding of New China,the practice of anti-poverty during the reform and opening-up period,the developmental poverty alleviation during the period of rapid economic development under the conditions of socialist market economy,and the poverty alleviation project after entering the 21 st century.In this process,as the understanding of poverty deepened,the Chinese government has continuously adjusted the concept,methods and policies of poverty alleviation,from a government-led monolithic body to a pluralistic body led by the government with the participation of society,the market and the poor households themselves;from simply focusing on key poor areas to helping the entire poor population;from blood transfusion relief poverty alleviation to solve extreme poverty to a blood generating developmental poverty alleviation that focuses on mobilizing the enthusiasm of the poor subjects to stimulate their endogenous power.From rough poverty alleviation in the form of flooding to precise poverty alleviation in the form of drip irrigation,the precision and efficiency of China’s poverty management has been continuously improved,gradually forming a Chinese style poverty alleviation and development path that suits the national conditions and has unique characteristics.After the 18th Party Congress,the Party Central Committee,with General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core,has attached great importance to poverty alleviation and development,elevated the effectiveness of poverty alleviation and development to a strategic height that is related to the realization of building a well-off society in all aspects,and creatively incorporated poverty alleviation and development into the "five-in-one" general layout of building socialism with Chinese characteristics and the The Party Central Committee has incorporated poverty alleviation and development into the "five-in-one" general layout and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.In November 2013,General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed during his visit to Hunan Province that poverty alleviation and development should "This was the first time that precise poverty alleviation was put forward,as the phrase " seeking truth from facts,adapting to local conditions,categorizing and guiding,and precisely alleviating poverty.Then,the General Office of the CPC Central Committee made a detailed top-level design on how to implement precise poverty alleviation and issued the Opinions on Innovative Mechanisms for Solidly Promoting Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development.Since then,"precise poverty alleviation" has become the basic strategy for China’s poverty alleviation and development,and is one of the important experiences of poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics.Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee,the people of the country have worked together with one heart and one mind,and achieved good results in poverty eradication,especially in the 13 th Five-Year Plan period,a total of 55.75 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty,and the incidence of poverty has dropped significantly,according to the National Bureau of Statistics,in 2019,the incidence of poverty in China dropped to 0.6%,and the average annual net income of poor households with cards on file in 2019 was 9,808 yuan,a significant increase from 2015,with an average annual growth of more than 30%,and the living conditions of the rural poor have been greatly improved,with an enhanced sense of access and happiness.These achievements are remarkable and unprecedented in the history of human anti-poverty,contributing "Chinese wisdom" and "Chinese solutions" to the cause of poverty reduction in the world.The most fundamental reason for China’s achievements is its adherence to the leadership of the Communist Party of China,which is our unique political advantage in poverty management.Throughout human history,China’s contribution to the cause of poverty eradication is incomparable to that of any other country,and it contains a lot of wisdom and sweat of the Chinese people,and even some "universal" poverty eradication models and experiences that are worth learning from countries and regions in the world that are also facing the challenge of poverty eradication.To sum up,China’s achievements in poverty eradication have been remarkable in the world because of the following six advantages: First,it adheres to the leadership of the Communist Party of China in poverty eradication;second,it builds a national system for poverty eradication;third,it forms a road of poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics;fourth,it stimulates the endogenous motivation of the poor;fifth,it insists on precise strategies to enhance the efficiency of poverty eradication;sixth,it constructs social cooperation to unite the power of poverty eradication.Long trapped in poverty,hoping to get well.The long-cherished dream of the Chinese people to completely get rid of absolute poverty and achieve overall prosperity has been realized in the new era of China.However,in the post-small prosperity society,poverty eradication will still face challenges from multiple areas,some problems need to be solved,some shortcomings need to make up,consolidating the hard-won poverty eradication results are still under great pressure.For example,individual front-line poverty alleviation staff and some regions still have prominent problems with the concept of performance and falsification;they pay little attention to spiritual poverty alleviation,and public opinion propaganda is not in place;the use of modern digital technology is not sufficient,which affects the progress of poverty eradication and has an inevitable negative impact on the consolidation of poverty eradication results;some poor regions face more or less problems in industrial poverty eradication,relocation,infrastructure construction,social security,ecological poverty eradication,education poverty eradication,etc.Some poor areas are facing more or less problems,which makes it difficult to consolidate the results of poverty eradication in some areas,and some poor households return to poverty after getting out of poverty.At the historical juncture of marching towards the second century goal,the Party and the State need to further enrich the theory of poverty governance,optimize the path of poverty governance,continuously consolidate and expand the results of poverty eradication,comprehensively promote rural revitalization,accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,and ensure that the battle against poverty,which has never been fought in the history of the Chinese nation,will stand the test of history and the people by constructing a market-oriented poverty alleviation mechanism under the leadership of the government,improving the responsibility system of poverty governance,perfecting the supervision system of poverty eradication and exit,and enhancing the incentive level of poverty eradication and exit. |
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