Study On Social Public Opinion And Political Order In The Southern Song Dynasty

Public opinion dissemination has always been a demand element of human social life,playing a particularly important role in political operation and social change.Since ancient times,there is no exception.From the perspective of social public opinion in the Southern Song Dynasty,this paper discusses its relationship with social development and political operation.To this end,the contents of each chapter are arranged as follows:The first chapter analyzes the birth and spread environment of social public opinion in the Southern Song Dynasty.The complicated crisis of survival and death and the concern about the stability of the regime forced the Southern Song Dynasty to make a major adjustment in the political structure.The emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty chose and their agents to reverse the central power balance structure since the Northern Song Dynasty,build the autocratic model and even the autocratic model,take many measures to continuously compress the political space for scholars and officials to participate in decision-making,limit the freedom of political debate,which made the unified characteristics of public opinion particularly prominent.The commodity economy of the Southern Song Dynasty developed more rapidly than that of the previous generation.Large and medium-sized cities sprang up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain,the population size continued to grow,and the convenient transportation conditions further extended the space for public opinion dissemination.Under the two-way influence of the commodity economy and the imperial examination system,the social exchanges and stratum penetration in the Southern Song Dynasty were constantly broadened and widespread,the content and level of public opinion communication were more diversified,and various public opinions were mutated and sublimated in the information field,which jointly acted on social development.Public opinion is not only a concentrated reflection of social hot spots,but also a direct reflection of social ideological and cultural upsurge.Abundant thoughts permeate social life extensively,not only providing a variety of content for social public opinion,but also becoming an important ideological basis for social public opinion to spread and receive prosperity.The second chapter focuses on the dissemination of social public opinion in the Southern Song Dynasty.Throughout the Southern Song Dynasty,many important issues such as foreign peace,internal party strife,imperial power granting and receiving,and royal relations were always accompanied by the rise and fall of the Southern Song Empire.Public opinion had an effect on these important issues,and then had an impact on the political operation and social and historical trend of the Southern Song Dynasty.The third chapter discusses the public opinion countermeasures of the Southern Song Dynasty from two aspects: controlling public opinion and guiding public opinion.In order to better control the generation and dissemination of public opinion,the Southern Song government,on the one hand,issued laws and decrees to strictly restrict public opinion dissemination activities.On the other hand,institutions at all levels from the central to local levels in the Southern Song Dynasty controlled public opinion from different dimensions.In addition,the government of the Southern Song Dynasty turned negative public opinion into positive public opinion by giving play to the influence of "public opinion leaders",setting up the wind vane of public opinion,paying attention to the use of media,expanding publicity influence.At the same time,improving the information release and feedback mechanism,rationally analyzing the appeal of public opinion,paying close attention to the psychological state of the people,and effectively solving various problems reflected in public opinion became an effective countermeasure to pacify the public when the Southern Song government responded to the crisis of public opinion.The fourth and fifth chapters analyze the relationship between public opinion and political operation by taking the Shaoxing Peace Talks in the Southern Song Dynasty and the Kaixi Northern Expedition as case studies.In the early Southern Song Dynasty,Song Gaozong faced a political situation of internal and external difficulties,and urgently needed to negotiate and end the Song Jin War.However,the strong voice of the main battle between the government and the opposition formed a strong resistance to peace talks.To this end,on the one hand,Song Gaozong implemented high pressure measures to control speech,on the other hand,he publicized the role of peace in many public opinion occasions.Finally,Song Gaozong succeeded in reversing the trend of public opinion.As the mainstream public opinion,the doctrine of peace of the Lord continued until the early Song Ningzong.During the Kaixi period,Han Tuozhou,the prime minister of Quan,was eager to change the internal and external predicament of the Northern Expedition.Therefore,he took measures to reverse the trend of public opinion,such as reshaping the image of the leading figures in the early Southern Song Dynasty,quoting the leading social figures into the DPRK,inspiring friends to create the atmosphere of the Northern Expedition,and persecuting the dissidents,so as to gain the recognition of Ning Zong and the court and the field,and seize the legitimacy of military recruitment in a fair way.Finally,the conclusion part mainly summarizes and improves the views of the full text.