A Research On The Social Education Of Academies In The Qing Dynasty

The Academy policy of the Qing Dynasty was constantly adjusted and changed with the needs of the times and rulers.In the early stage,there was a ban of "no other academy creation",which was gradually released after Yongzheng and Qianlong.At the same time,the rapid growth of the population in the Qing Dynasty during the Kangxi and Qianlong periods,as well as the combination of academies and imperial examinations,together constitute the social background for the development of academies in the Qing Dynasty and the incentives for prosperity.While the favorable social environment promoted the prosperity of the Academy,it expanded the breadth and depth of the Academy’s social education.The goal of the Academy’s social education lies first in the internal "cultivation of scholars" and then in the external "thick customs".The Enlightenment of the academy to the internal students mainly focuses on lectures,examinations and sacrifices.At the same time,the Academy lectures and sacrifices do not taboo ordinary people.Oracle preaching,word cherishing activities and even charity and public welfare undertakings inside and outside the academy are the forms of enlightenment in which the academy gives consideration to both inside and outside.In addition to the above forms,the Enlightenment of the academy to the external non gentry class is mainly realized by the direct education of the academy teachers and students to the ordinary people.Lectures and examinations are the main teaching links within the Academy.In the Qing Dynasty,the status of the lecturers and examiners of the Academy was diverse,including the important officials of the imperial clan,local officials,the head of the academy and so on.The effect of lecturing and taking examinations is relatively obvious.In addition to helping scholars in the academy to improve their morality and study,its educational effect often spills over the Academy,and has a far-reaching impact on the style of scholars,study and folk customs in one place at a time.The object selection of academy sacrifice has a strong value orientation.The official academy sacrifice helps to cultivate the scholars and civilians to deepen their belief in Confucian culture and enhance their sense of responsibility.At the same time,sacrifice is the link of interaction between academy and local society,and it is an effective way of academy social education.At the grass-roots level,the ancestral temple academy,Wenhui academy and rural academy,the sacrificial architecture conforms to the Confucian ritual principles,and the compilation of academy annals,sacrificial norms and ritual process convey a strong spirit of Neo Confucianism.The whole sacrificial link reveals the educational concept of academy education under the cover of imperial examination and Neo Confucianism,and its educational method has the characteristics of civilians.In the Qing Dynasty,the participation of academies in local social affairs also had an educational effect on the scholar and civilian classes,among which the oracle was one.The proclamation of the imperial edict of the academy is divided into two levels:inside and outside the Academy.Due to different places and objects of education,there are different forms of communication and propaganda.The edict preaching inside and outside the Academy keeps the Academy highly interactive with local society and clans.The Confucian code of ethics has penetrated into the whole society through the proclamation of holy edicts,the guidance and demonstration of scholars,and the participation of the public,and has become an effective form of transforming the people into customs.The activity of cherishing characters is a representative educational activity of academies in the Qing Dynasty.The college teachers and students’ behavior of cherishing words and respecting Cangjie will inevitably have an impact on the "Qi people" at a time and place,drive the local people to cherish words and paper,form the concept of reverence for words,form the promotion of the academic atmosphere of "orthodox learning",at the same time,it can curb the spread of heretical books,and further help to form the atmosphere of respecting Confucianism and Taoism in the whole society.The academy has obvious public welfare in the process of construction and use.Moreover,the Academy participated in local social charities and public welfare undertakings in many aspects,showing the public morality and responsibility of the Academy’s teachers and students,in sharp contrast to those who "sit on the rich,known as misers",which has a strong demonstration effect and educational and educational effect in the local area,and is conducive to the formation of a social atmosphere of actively participating in charities and public welfare.Transforming the people into customs and changing customs is the vision of the Academy’s social education effect.One of the most critical links is the enlightenment practice of the academy to the ordinary people.This practice can be divided into two levels: the words and deeds of college teachers and students,the education of non gentry individuals,and the concept of college teachers and students’ dissemination and popularization with words as the carrier.The above two aspects of enlightenment practice revealed the process of academy social enlightenment from point to area.Whether it is the lectures and examinations inside the Academy,the sacrifices of the Academy,the Oracle preaching inside and outside the Academy,the cause of cherishing words,the charity and righteous deeds directly participated in by the Academy,and even the educational teachings and dissemination of ideas of the college teachers and students to the ordinary people,are all important forms of social education and education practiced by the Academy.These educational measures are adopted in different ways due to different objects,especially for the public,and are often more popular.Through these practices,the social education of the Academy played a positive role in "cultivating scholars" and "enriching customs".Its educational concept spilled over the academy and had a far-reaching impact on individuals,families,society and countries.This kind of influence has a significant effect on the improvement of the whole social atmosphere,the cultivation of ethical norms,the transformation of customs and the transformation of the people into customs.