Research On Marx's Labor Dialectic

As the ontological explanation of Marx’s "rational form" dialectics,Marx’s labor dialectics further manifests and clarifies the critical nature and liberation purport of Marx’s dialectics.However,the current discussion on Marx’s dialectics of labor still does not get rid of the framework of rational metaphysics,which is mainly reflected in the problems existing in the study of Marx’s dialectics of labor from the perspective of Althusser’s fracture theory.The object of criticism of Marx’s dialectics of labor is on the one hand the traditional metaphysics of philosophy and on the other hand the capitalist economic society itself of political economy.From philosophical revolution to political economy criticism,Marx’s dialectics of labor reveals the alienation process of contemporary metaphysical industrial labor on the basis of clarifying the fundamental position of labor’s ontology.The subversion of the essence of traditional metaphysics by Marx’s dialectics of labor requires a jump out of the traditional theoretical framework,and criticizes not only metaphysics itself,but also its secular foundation,namely capital logic.On the basis of clarifying the internal relation between real life and metaphysics,Marx’s dialectics of labor substantively launched a critique of real life itself,and implemented the reform of metaphysics on the basis of reality,that is,disintegrated from the inside of capitalist economic society.On the basis of exposing the collusion between Hegel’s metaphysics and the dominant capital logic around labor,Marx clarified that the internal negative root of capital logic is the alienation of labor through the historical process of the evolution of the negative reality of labor,clarified the premise of the emergence of capital,and defined capital in the field of alienated labor.The scientific elucidate of the relationship between labor and capital realizes the complete subversion of the logic of capital and the liberation of labor.Under the threshold of Althusser’s epistemological rupture,the problems of Marx’s study of labor dialectics are mainly shown in three aspects.First,how to deal with the relationship between Marx’s labor dialectics and Hegel’s labor dialectics;second,how to deal with the relationship between Marx’s early labor dialectics and later labor dialectics;third,how to deal with the relationship between philosophical criticism of labor dialectics and criticism of political economy.The three issues under Althusser’s epistemological fracture threshold are not independent of each other,but trinity.Several general issues of Marx’s labor dialectics research in the epistemological fracture threshold indicate that only by returning to the text and taking the development logical exploration of Marx’s labor dialectics thought as the starting point,can we synthesize these three issues,Only by grasping the theoretical process of Marx’s thought of labor dialectics from the early period of Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 to the late period of Capital can we respond to and solve the above three problems.The development of Marx’s thought of labor dialectics can be roughly divided into three stages.Based on Marx’s early main texts,the period from the graduation of Marx to the Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 is the gestation and birth of Marx’s thought of labor dialectics.Before the Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844,with the disintegration of Hegel’s philosophy,it turned to the study of civil society to establish the logical premise of Marx’s thought of labor dialectics and regulate its inherent philosophical criticism and economic criticism.As the secret and birthplace of Marx’s new world view,the importance of the Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 lies in not only undertaking the clear expression and further expansion of the dual critical theoretical pattern of labor dialectics initially drafted by Marx in the period of the German and French Yearbook,but also realizing the great creation of realistic personal labor dialectics as the birthplace of Marx’s labor dialectics.The second stage is based on the main text of Marx’s mid-term.The Outline of Feuerbach enriches the practical requirements of labor dialectics in the criticism of Feuerbach,that is,deepens the labor dialectics in the social and historical field.The interpretation of the actual individuals and their activities in the German Ideology highlights the fundamental position of productive labor,and the inquiry into the origin of the essence of alienated labor leads to a grand narrative of human history,That is to say,the theoretical construction of the introduction of historical materialism marks the expansion of the ideological paradigm of labor dialectics in the field of social history.Finally,based on the main text of the later period,the presentation of labor dialectics in the field of political economics shows that in the field of social history,labor relations as the essence of social relations must be further implemented into specific economic relations,that is,to go deep into the interior of the capitalist mode of production.When Marx finally focused his criticism of "labor" and "capital" under capitalist production conditions on the "capitalist mode of production" itself,Marx’s labor dialectics thought also reached a mature stage.On the basis of interpreting the texts of Marx’s dialectics of labor in different periods,this paper makes clear its development logic so as to grasp the rich connotation and realize the response to the general problem of the study of dialectics of labor in the perspective of epistemological rupture.Firstly,from the ontological basis of labor dialectics,Hegel’s labor dialectics starts from self-consciousness,so it realizes the expression of human,labor and its historical speculation.The logic of Marx’s labor dialectics is the labor of real people and its historical development.This historical evolution of reality shows that the ontological basis of Marx’s labor dialectics is the labor of real people,so it completely overturns and surpasses Hegel’s abstract labor dialectics.Second,from the early Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 to the late Capital,it is the logic of affirmative-negative-negative negation of Marx’s labor dialectics around the "real human labor",the positive revelation of the dual attributes of human beings from perceptual and objective activities to productive labor,and the negative establishment of human alienation from productive labor to employment labor,From hired labor to free labor is the negative realization of the negation of human freedom and liberation.This logical evolution shows the internal connection between Marx’s early and late labor dialectics.Marx’s labor dialectics starts from the actual human labor and gradually develops in the map of historical development.Thirdly,by sorting out the development logic of Marx’s labor dialectics,it can be found that the thought of labor dialectics has been developing along the economic criticism with "alienated labor and private property" as the main body,and the theoretical construction of philosophical revolution and historical materialism aims to lay a philosophical foundation for Marx’s political economy criticism of labor dialectics.The creation of Marx’s dialectics of labor originates from the requirement of the reconstruction of national economics system for the change of philosophical foundation.It is on the basis of labor that he realizes the true unity of entity and subject,thus completing the fundamental transcendence of metaphysics and the great reform in the history of philosophy.Because of this change of ontological foundation,Marx understood history from the actual human labor;The biggest social reality at present is the capitalist economic reality in which capital dominates.Through the metaphysical logic criticism of capital ruling labor,the transformation from capital political economy to labor political economy is realized.