| Located at the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the ethnic region of western Sichuan is a special geographic and spatial region integrating high-altitude area,ethnic region,old revolutionary area,tourism resource-rich area and ecological environment fragile area,which is restricted by natural conditions,history and culture,economic and social background,etc.The implementation of rural revitalization has its special characteristics.The special conditions of development environment determine how to solve the "blood-making function" of rural industrial development,which is the most urgent core problem for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy.Through the study of the structure of three industries,it is found that the solution to the dilemma of "blood-making function" in the ethnic areas of western Sichuan depends on the development of tourism to drive other industries to develop efficiently and promote the overall revitalization of the countryside.World Heritage,as a world-class tourism resource,can effectively drive ethnic areas to achieve leapfrog development when developed and utilized rationally.With three World Heritage Sites,namely Jiuzhaigou,Huanglong and Sichuan Panda Habitat,the western Sichuan ethnic region has the highest concentration of World Natural Heritage Sites and the most precious biodiversity in the same region at home and abroad,reflecting its special geographical unit and ethnic cultural characteristics that are distinctly different from those of the surrounding areas,It constitutes an important cornerstone for the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas through tourism.In the critical period of consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty eradication and rural revitalization,it is important to discuss how to consolidate and strengthen the core attractiveness of the World Heritage scenic spots,deeply explore the characteristic resources of the surrounding areas,expand the value of the World Heritage landscape,further release the radiation-driven effect of World Heritage tourism,and promote the realization of the goal of rural revitalization in the new era,which is important for the ethnic areas in western Sichuan to promote the common prosperity is of great significance.However,the existing studies seldom explore the relationship between world heritage with economic and social development of ethnic areas from the perspective of economic anthropology,and have not yet formed an objective and comprehensive quantitative evaluation index system for the actual driving situation of world heritage tourism on the economic and social development of ethnic areas,lacking attention to the driving differences and realization logic of different spatial locations and different types of villages,making it difficult to solve the practical problems faced in the development of world heritage tourism and rural revitalization strategy in ethnic areas of western Sichuan.It is difficult to solve the specific practical problems faced in the development of World Heritage tourism and the promotion of rural revitalization strategy in the ethnic areas of western Sichuan.Based on this,this paper,on the basis of previous researches,firstly,compares the current situation of research on world heritage tourism and rural revitalization theories at home and abroad,and clarifies the causes and mechanisms of world heritage tourism-driven rural revitalization in the ethnic areas of western Sichuan,taking into account the environmental foundation,comprehensive location,world heritage tourism resources conditions,and the history and current situation of rural revitalization.Secondly,based on the theory of tourism industry effect and the requirements of rural revitalization strategy,combined with the special characteristics of world heritage tourism development in ethnic areas of western Sichuan,the evaluation indexes are screened and the performance evaluation system of world heritage tourism driven rural revitalization in ethnic areas of western Sichuan is constructed,and the performance of the driven performance is comprehensively evaluated from time dimension,space dimension and residents’ perception dimension by using entropy value method,hierarchical analysis method and principal component analysis method.Thirdly,Shuzheng Village in Jiuzhaigou,Zhongcha Village in Zhangzha Town outside Jiuzhaigou,Changping Village at the entrance of Siguniang Mountain Scenic Area,an important part of Sichuan Panda Habitat World Heritage Site,Shangmo Village and Taoping Village along the heritage scenic area were selected as case samples to analyze how the ethnic villages in different radiation-driven circles achieve rural revitalization driven by World Heritage tourism.Fourth,combining the performance evaluation results and the case study,we establish a model of the influencing factors of rural revitalization driven by World Heritage tourism in ethnic areas of western Sichuan,empirically analyze the internal operation logic of each influencing factor,and propose countermeasures for rural revitalization driven by World Heritage tourism on this basis.Through the study,it is concluded that the ethnic areas in western Sichuan have obvious advantages of rural revitalization driven by world heritage tourism and have achieved certain results,but there are problems such as the sustainable stability of driving needs to be enhanced,obvious spatial differences,the scope of driving still needs to be expanded,and the overall level of driving still has more room to rise.The case villages,driven by World Heritage tourism,have realized rural revitalization through five tourism development modes: ecological community,integrated services,ecological vacation,leisure agriculture and special villages.The actual driving situation is mainly influenced by three factors: external environment,world heritage tourism development,and village development conditions,and can be optimized and improved through three perspectives: innovation of driving mode,stimulation of driving vitality,and optimization of driving environment.The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in four aspects: Firstly,taking into account the special characteristics of World Heritage tourism development in ethnic areas of western Sichuan and the requirements of rural revitalization strategy,the performance evaluation index system of World Heritage tourism-driven rural revitalization in five aspects,namely,prosperous industry,ecological livability,civilized countryside,effective governance and affluent living,is constructed in time dimension,spatial dimension and residents’ perception dimension respectively,which provides a scientific method to comprehensively and objectively assess the performance of World Heritage tourism-driven rural revitalization.Secondly,the quantitative evaluation of the performance of rural revitalization driven by World Heritage tourism in the western Sichuan ethnic region is carried out by using a combination of spatial and temporal methods to reflect the temporal change characteristics and spatial differences,which provides a theoretical basis for further improving the quality of rural revitalization driven by World Heritage tourism and promoting high-quality economic and social development in the western Sichuan ethnic region.Thirdly,with the World Heritage Scenic Area as the core,typical villages within the scenic area,at the entrance of the scenic area,at the periphery of the scenic area and along the main traffic routes are selected for case studies,and five different driving modes of World Heritage tourism development for ethnic villages in different spatial locations are extracted,which are important guidance for similar villages to explore the special paths for rural revitalization.Fourthly,based on the results of comprehensive evaluation of driving performance,case study and empirical study of influencing factors,countermeasures and suggestions for rural revitalization driven by World Heritage tourism are proposed at village level,World Heritage tourism development level and external environment level respectively,which provide theoretical guidance for improving the quality of rural revitalization driven by World Heritage tourism in ethnic areas of western Sichuan and have important reference value for other World Heritage sites. |
