Research On Railway Police System In Beiyang Period

Railroad police was founded with the construction of railroads,and the railroad police system also became an important national political system.Beiyang period of Chinese society is in a period of transition of great change,also is the railroad management from traditional to modern transformation of the important stage,the railroad police system design and construction of the founding of the development and operation,but also in this social conditions present new content.Railroad police once become an important force of railroad security management,also become the Beiyang period planning and promote the important system.Railroad and road police in the Beiyang period,but also in the late Qing dynasty railroad police system based on the road bureau from self-managed to state-owned transformation,road police in the unification and decentralization of the entangled transformation of the development pattern.This paper seeks to break through the static institutional analysis,and study the creation,development,implementation and effectiveness of the railroad police system of the Beiyang Railway in the specific historical context of the Beiyang period,based on the new institutionalism perspective and the framework of "Institutional Environment-Institutional Arrangement-Institutional Implementation".Based on the new institutionalism perspective and the framework of "institutional environment-institutional arrangement-institutional implementation",it analyzes the organizational structure,operational form,management system and service rules of the railroad police system in the Beiyang period,as well as its historical development and evolution.The answer to the background of the creation of the railroad police system in the Beiyang period,the function of the road police system and the purpose of the implementation of the system,the effect of the implementation of the railroad police system and the factors affecting the implementation of the system,the system design and implementation of the game in the process of the relationship between,and the founding of the railroad police system and the promotion of the railroad police system in the Beiyang period,according to the management system,distinguished into two stages of development.The main arguments and focus of this paper are:First,the creation of the railroad police system in the Beiyang period was based on the changes in the environment of the railroads and the railroad management system,and the needs of the rulers and local political interest groups as well as the powers to maintain the rule of the regime and vested interests.Specifically,a series of problems in the operation of the railroads and road police in the late Qing Dynasty still existed in the Beiyang period,and the uncertainty of railroad safety and its existence led to the necessity of the government up and down the line to build a railroad police system.The railroad policy of the Beiyang government influenced the face of the railroad police system and the institutional content of the railroad police management.With the establishment of the railroad police,the importance of the construction of the railroad police system has become more and more prominent,and the problems and shortcomings of the railroad police system in operation have also emerged.In the creation of this system,also accompanied by the national concept of railroads change and the influence of social opinion.Secondly,the development of the railroad police system in the Beiyang period has gone through the period of the Ministry of Transportation and Road Administration Department(1912-1923)and the period of the advancement of the General Administration of Road Police(1923-1927).During this period,the railroad police system in the management body,organizational system and education and training,as well as attendance,personnel establishment,duties and responsibilities have developed new content.The central government’s efforts to control the dominant power of the railroad police as well as the operation of the local system of each road,all reflect the content of the development and evolution of the construction of the railroad police system during this period.Third,the operation and institutional effectiveness of the railroad police system in the Beiyang period were demonstrated in the political landscape of the Beiyang period.Railroad police were involved in many political events,the political attributes of the railroad police are obvious.In the construction of railroad police system,due to the political situation,development requirements and insufficient funds and other reasons led to the development of railroad police,management,exercise of authority,system operation and organizational structure of many new features.The warlordism during the Beiyang government,the violation of police power by the army and the corruption of the railroad police had an impact on the operation and development of the railroad police system.In addition,the presence of foreign powers in China had a great impact on the development of the railroad police system during the Beiyang period.This made it difficult for the government’s efforts to reorganize and regulate the railroad police system to be successfully realized,and also weakened the ability of the railroad police to maintain railroad safety and security stability.The paper analyzes the local lines as well as the Middle East,JiaoJi,and Yunnan-Vietnam railroad lines.Fourth,the multiple struggles and contests around the competition for the rights and interests of the railroad police during the Beiyang period between the central government and the local government,the Beiyang government and the powers,and the revolutionaries and the opposing forces,present a complex game relationship.This illustrates the relationship between the railroad police system and the national political system,and also shows the characteristics of the Beiyang political situation and its political rise and fall on the railroad police.The railroad police system in the Beiyang period not only became the main content of the national political system in this period,but also became an important content for the study of the national political system and the evolution of the political situation.The ups and downs of the railroad police system and the political rise and fall of the Beiyang period also went hand in hand.This paper draws on the theoretical tools of New Institutionalism to analyze the railroad police system of the Beiyang period and reveal this feature of the railroad police system of the Beiyang.