The Communication Acceptance And Literary Interaction Of The Diamond Sutra In The Song Dynasty

The Song Dynasty was an important period for the transformation of Chinese Buddhism.After the prosperity of Buddhism in the Tang Dynasty,Buddhism in the Song Dynasty showed a declining situation,but Buddhism in the Song Dynasty had its own special achievements.First of all,Buddhism in the Song Dynasty began to become secularized and popular,and its influence penetrated into the daily life of ordinary people,which was also a grand situation that had never appeared before the Song Dynasty.At the same time,scholar-bureaucrat Buddhism flourished rapidly.The buddhist doctrine of the Song Dynasty developed further through the commentaries of literati,and the phenomenon of merging Buddhism with Confucianism appeared,,which influenced the development of the Buddhist doctrine later.On the other hand,with the increasingly close connection between literati and Buddhism,the way of thinking and concept of Buddhism also influenced literati’s poetry creation and theory.The Diamond Sutra is one of the most widely circulated and influential Buddhist scriptures in China,and is known as the "King of sutras" and "mother of buddhas".The communication of Diamond Sutra in Song Dynasty and the interaction between it and literature have a prominent representative in various sutras.The first chapter introduces the istorical origin and the social background that the Diamond Sutra can be widely spread in Song Dynasty.Diamond Sutra belongs to prajna sutra.It was valued in India as soon as it was born.After it was introduced to China,there were six translations successively,among which the most popular was the one by Qin Kumarashi,which was explained and annotated continuously from Jin dynasty to Tang Dynasty.Since Huineng,The Zen sect taught its secrets through the Diamond Sutra.Tang emperor Xuanzong annotated the book and released it to the world.The Diamond Sutra reached its peak in the tang dynasty,with more than 800 annotators.In the Tang Dynasty,there were many people reading and copying the Diamond Sutra,most of whom were common people.This shows that in the Tang Dynasty,the Diamond Sutra spread secularization and popularization.Various "Diamond Sutra" efficency records,Dunhuang manuscripts,Dunhuang variations and variations,etc.,these documents show that the "Diamond Sutra" spread more and more deeply among the common people.The Song Dynasty was the peak of the development of ancient Chinese ideology and culture,and Neo-Confucianism flourished.The Song Dynasty carried out the policy of "promoting the three religions simultaneously",which promoted the integration of the three religions.Woodblock printing technology is increasingly mature,which provides a reliable technical guarantee for the printing and dissemination of Buddhist sutras.Buddhist management became more systematic and institutionalized,which created good external conditions for the healthy development of Buddhism in Song Dynasty.A new situation appeared in Buddhism in the Song Dynasty: on the one hand,Zen Buddhism became the most prosperous school of Buddhism,which had a great influence on Buddhism and even the whole social ideology and culture;on the other hand,pure Land School and other schools also developed rapidly,which greatly promoted the secularization of Buddhism.In terms of social culture,literati Buddhism developed rapidly,and literati in Song Dynasty showed great interest in zen and enlightenment.This is a well-known historical fact.Scholar-officials participated in the construction of buddhist ideological system.This act,on the one hand,promoted the transformation of Buddhist doctrine,on the other hand,Buddhist thought and culture deeply influenced all aspects of Chinese thought and culture through literati and officials.The second chapter is about the dissemination and acceptance of the belief of The Diamond Sutra in Song Dynasty.As for the propagation path,believers continue to recite and copy the Diamond Sutra.In addition,with the popularization of woodblock printing technology,printing and applying the Diamond Sutra has become a new important form of communication.Under the social background of secularization of Buddhism,religious gatherings and associations are becoming more and more important in the dissemination and acceptance of the belief of The Diamond Sutra.As far as the subject of faith transmission and acceptance is concerned,The Diamond Sutra has been widely recognized by monks and nuns.Ordinary believers can be divided into three groups:emperors,literati and women.The emperor promoted the propagation of the belief of the Diamond Sutra with his special status.The participation of literati promoted the connotation of faith communication;Women play an important role in the transmission of faith.The contribution of monks in Song dynasty to the Diamond Sutra is mainly reflected in the promotion of secularization.This is manifested in two aspects: in the ideological content,the pure land of Zen idealism and the belief of the pure land of the West are integrated,literati and common people each find a proper place and promote each other;In the form of dissemination,tiantai Repentance and pure land ceremony are carried out together,completing the ritualized process of faith.The representative work is Xiaoshi jingangjing keyi writed By Zongjing.The appearance of Keyi expanded the way of spreading the belief of the Diamond Sutra.First,Keyi had strict rituals and was often used in various religious gatherings,so it had more opportunities for dissemination.Secondly,the book is divided into sections to explain the meaning of the Diamond Sutra through the combination of poetry and rhyme.It can be expected that through the preaching of various dharma assemblies,the spread of secular belief in The Diamond Sutra will be more "conscious" than "blind".Keyi exerted a profound influence on folk religion after the Song and Yuan dynasties.The third chapter discusses the dissemination and acceptance of the righteousness of The Diamond Sutra in Song Dynasty.The development of the diamond Sutra in Song Dynasty can be presented mainly through annotation.The annotation of monks has little influence.In Song Dynasty,scholar-officials annotated the Diamond Sutra extensively and replaced monks as an important force to promote the development of the diamond Sutra.Yang Gui’s Seventeen Interpretations of the Diamond Sutra and Lee wenhui’s Notes on the Diamond Sutra are representative works.The Seventeen Interpretations of the Diamond Sutra was written by Yang GUI,a native of Pucheng,Fujian province,in the Southern Song Dynasty.The book received much attention after it was published.The Diamond Sutra Collection,compiled by Ming Emperor Zhu Di,was based on this book.The book is the most important annotated version of the Diamond Sutra since the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This paper clarifies the relationship among three works of Yang GUI,Zhu Di and Hong Lian.The main characteristics and contributions of Yang GUI’s works are as follows :a large number of predecessors’ opinions were adopted and good notes were selected in Song dynasty;Combining the thoughts of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,combining the thoughts of Zen and Pure Land;Preserve the annotations of the Diamond Sutra written by scholar-bureaucrats.The annotation of Yang GUI reflects the ideological orientation of the literati in the Song Dynasty.Li Wenhui’s commentaries are typical of the study and elucidating of Buddhist doctrine by the scholastic officials in the Song Dynasty.Li Wenhui once consulted Dahui Zong Hogg and had deep Zen cultivation.The works of Li Wenhui notes on the Diamond Sutra have not been circulated,but his main content is preserved in Zhu Di’s Notes to the Diamond Sutra.Li Wenhui annotated the Diamond Sutra,integrating the doctrines of ancient Zen monks.This book is a representative work of explaining the Diamond Sutra with Zen thought.This book gives the Diamond Sutra many more Zen ideas.The literati of the Song Dynasty wrote many poems(verses),postscript or essays to elaborate Buddhist thoughts.It can be seen from these articles that the literati of the Song Dynasty mainly accepted and adopted the Diamond Sutra from the perspective of righteousness.They used the Diamond Sutra to manage their psychological activities and improve their moral cultivation.The scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty absorbed the ideological nutrients from Buddhism and constructed a Neo-Confucianism system integrating Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.It can be seen that the two-way interaction between the Diamond Sutra and the Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.The fourth chapter analyzes the interaction between the communication of the Diamond Sutra and the literature of the Song Dynasty.The Diamond Sutra had an influence on the literary poetry,prose and notebooks of the Song Dynasty.This is not only related to traditional filial piety,but also an effort of Buddhism to adapt to Chinese culture.The influence of Diamond Sutra on Song poetry is mainly reflected in the construction of the artistic conception of Song poetry by its fantasy view,which is embodied in the following aspects: the extensive image of "six Ru" metaphor,the living experience of dream,and the artistic conception construction of empty and empty.The new features of Song poetry are the use of extensive images and the incorporation of Buddhism into poetry.The illusory images of dreaminess and bubble appear from time to time in Song poetry,and the perfect integration of the meditation of emptiness of life and the poetic state opens up a new realm of Song poetry."Six ru" empty view,floating life like a dream and so on become the theme of literature writing.The Diamond Sutra cultivates new thinking and changes the way the literati view life and all things in the world.The theory of "King Kong" with "no living and no heart" made the poet have a more clear and conscious grasp of his own soul,and the free state of mind combined with zhuang Zi and Zen became the inner driving force of the literary creation of the literati in the Song Dynasty.The aesthetic experience of "wandering out of things" is not only nourished by Zhuang Zi,but also stimulated by "various dharma and empty phase" in The Diamond Sutra,which makes Song people actively pursue the ideal state of "unintentional writing" in literary creation theory.In the aspect of prose,The Diamond Sutra is the thinking method of non-double detachment,which provides a new way of thinking for the argumentative writing of Song Dynasty and makes Song people’s argumentation appear a new style.The fifth chapter elaborates the feedback and nourishment of the two Song Dynasty poems to the propagation and development of The Diamond Sutra.The development of the poetry of the literati in the Song Dynasty also affected the form of the propagation of The Diamond Sutra,such as singing ancient Song Gu and Niangu are the most typical manifestations.Its representative work is The Diamond Sutra Notes by Zen master Dochon.The book is written for monks and laymen to explain the Diamond Sutra.It is in the form of "ode",with brief hints and explanations of the sutra.In form,the combination of speaking and singing;In the content,simple and enlightening;In terms of language,the use of a large number of colloquial and colloquial expressions,good at using or quoting verses,these characteristics have promoted the Diamond Sutra to spread to the secular world.Thus it can be seen that the communication of The Diamond Sutra showed a positive interaction with the Song dynasty literary circle.The effective story of the Diamond Sutra has a high literary color.Compared with the previous dynasties,the effective story of the Diamond Sutra in the Song Dynasty has three characteristics:First,the stories about buddhist scriptures in Song Dynasty added literati notes as a document carrier.Second,the stories recorded by scholars in the Song Dynasty paid more attention to the connotations of meanings.Third,there is a "thematic" narrative mode in the Song Dynasty buddhist effective stories."The theme of seeking mother" is the main content of Diamond Sutra in Song Dynasty.In short,compared with the previous dynasties,the spread and development of the Diamond Sutra in Song Dynasty showed a new situation.On the one hand,secularization and ritualization were greatly developed.On the other hand,scholar-officials replaced monks and became an important force to promote the moral construction of the Diamond Sutra.The two-way interaction between inside and outside the church not only affected the development of the doctrine of the Diamond Sutra,but also had a profound influence on the social ideological and cultural life of China after the Tang and Song dynasties.Through the in-depth study of the spread of Diamond Sutra in Song Dynasty and its interaction with the literary world,this paper concretely and deeply reveals the significance and influence of Buddhism in Song Dynasty on Chinese society since Song and Yuan Dynasties.