| Hollywood science fiction films have built a variety of future city images.Great changes have taken place in content and form of Hollywood science fiction films since the 21 st century,and their city images are presented to the audience with a brand new look.The future city images mainly include three types: future city spatial image,future city character image and future city social image.There are three categories in the future city spatial images: the architectural spatial image of future city,the spatial image of future doomsday city and the spatial image of future virtual city.The architectural spatial image of future city includes vertical architecture,palace architecture,fortress architecture and mobile architecture,which respectively have the architectural space functions of difference and transversion,power and resistance,escape and crisis,exploration and expansion,showing the architectural spatial characteristics which include the coexistence of wonder and sense of science and technology,the opposition of mobility and isolation,the paradox of artificial landscape and natural landscape,and the integration of mechanism and retroism.Doomsday cities include disaster city and ruined city,behind which the traditional original sins and modern crisis serve as the motivation of construction,implying the destruction of capital,culture and social system in reality.Virtual cities include virtual reality city beyond time and space and Cyberpunk city of binary opposition,which contain philosophical thoughts of the unity of opposites between existence and consciousness,reality and fiction.The future city character images include human images composed of scientific and technological workers between the savior and the devil,political elites who are both schemers and representatives of the people,heroes like ordinary people and superhumans,post-human images composed of robots as intelligent tools,cyborgs with lost identity,invisible people of artificial intelligence,and non-human images composed of aliens and zombies.These images altogether express the idea of anthropocentrism,and explore the nature of human beings and the relationship between human beings,human beings and post-humans,human beings and non-humans.The future city social images contain political fables,including unfree prison society,insecure anarchy society,unequal bipolar society and isolated island society without a sense of belonging.There are technical,institutional and ideological disciplines in the prison society,which reflect the crisis of liberalism and concerns about the totalitarian of science and technology.Anarchic society shows the law of the jungle in the primitive state and urban autonomy in the postmodern state,which reflects the social utopian ideology of anarchy and the governance logic in real society.In the bipolar society,spatial writing enlarges power relations,and drama conflicts imply identity politics,reflecting the struggle of political correctness in the west and the reality of western centralism.In the isolated society,people use science and technology to find the sense of belonging,and find themselves in the universe.The isolated society reflects the social necessity in urban development and the psychological needs in the progress of science and technology.The artistic techniques of future urban image construction in Hollywood science fiction films include exaggeration and deformation at the level of literature and art,rhetoric art of symbol and metaphor,scene atmosphere and montage application at the level of image art,digital effects and virtual reality at the level of digital art.There are limitations in the construction of spatial images.For instance,urban society is too negative,and spatial narrative ability is limited.Behind them are the dual factors of Hollywood ideology and entertainment industry.Future city image in Hollywood science fiction films has enlightening significance to the construction of Chinese cities and the development of science fiction films.For urban development,we should build ecological cities with integrated architecture and green,characteristic cities with traditional and modern features,smart cities with convenient and safe coexistence,and beautiful cities with fair and happy coexistence.For the development of science fiction literature and art,we should critically learn from Hollywood science fiction films and tell the story of China with Chinese science fiction literature and art works. |
