Hegel’s Research On "Prescriptive" Moral Education

Hegel’s moral education can be summed up as "fan-oriented" moral education,that is,taking "absolute spirit" as a sacred model.The individual’s imperfect spirit is constantly approaching to the perfect "absolute spirit" through moral education,so that people become substantial existence and then realize human freedom and liberation."Prescriptive" moral education is a moral education model summed up from Hegel’s moral principles.Guidance is different from enlightenment and indoctrination.Prescriptive is the dialectical unity of enlightenment and indoctrination,so it is a syllogism of moral education methodology.Enlightenment focuses on "first" guidance,while indoctrination focuses on "acquired" input,while fan-oriented is an educational process based on the value of indoctrination and enlightenment.Hegel’s"Principles of Legal Philosophy"opened up a broad space for moral education.First of all,in the abstract law department,"familiarity with unreal knowledge"is thought to be carried out around the difference between"existence"and"reality"."Recognition"is the mutual recognition of the value of the individual and the moral community,"possession"includes the possession of moral ideas by individual will,and"compulsion"confirms the rationality of moral education coercion.Secondly,in the moral department,"individual free will"determines the premise of morality,"will to act"establishes the subject of moral activity,"happiness"reflects the individual enjoyment function of moral education,and"self-realization"presents morality premise.The individual value of education,"goodness"confirms the purpose of moral education,and the theory of"conscience"demonstrates the content of moral education.Thirdly,in the ethics department,"ethical entity"is the carrier and purpose of moral education,"family"provides emotional education with"love"as the link,and"civil society"provides theoretical education with"needs"as the starting point.Unlike labor education,"country"provides education on values with"patriotism"as the core.Hegel’s moral philosophy provides the foundation for "normative" moral education,especially the philosophical foundation laid by free will,intention motivation,conscience and self-discipline in the moral department.First of all,"free will" is the starting point of "normative" moral education,which takes "free will" as the premise of existence,and leads to the sublation of the subjectivity of "free will",and finally the objectivity of "free will" contains the practical character of "unity of knowledge and action".Secondly,"intention motivation" provides the basis of values for "normative" moral education.Intention is a universal thing that runs through the links of moral behavior,while values are a universal thing contained in the motivation of behavior subjects,and moral behavior has become the fixation of values(motivation).Thirdly,Hegel’s "conscience" theory makes "normative" moral education possible,and the "self-confidence" of conscience makes moral education realize the "transition" from in-itself to for-itself and confirms the "limitation of the viewpoint of conscience" In view of the fact that the content of moral education must be truthful,the formation of the concept of "guidance" moral education has experienced a process from "evaporation" to "reconstruction".Fourthly,Hegel’s thought of "self-discipline" enables the realization of "normative" moral education.Hegel’s thought of "self-discipline" is a transcendence of Kant’s thought of "self-discipline".The "heteronomy" must confirm the legitimacy of the "normative" moral education subject,and the "heteronomy" must represent the authority of absolute truth.Only in this way can the "heteronomy" be transited to "self-discipline" and the purpose of "normative" moral education be realized.Hegel saw the subjective limitation of morality,the "Hegelian Dilemma".Morality is the subjective part of the objective spirit.Moral "should be" is an individual,subjective,abstract "should be",or it is only a moral "should be" that has not been objectified yet.The "goodness" in morality is a goodness of subjective motives,is a "goodness" that has not been objectified yet,and the "conscience" in morality is the "goodness" that is self-contained and self-made,so it is a "formal conscience" rather than a "real conscience".These together constitute the "Hegelian Dilemma",which needs to be solved through the intermediary of "normative" moral education.Hegel’s "normative" moral education takes "absolute spirit" as the absolute goal,pointing out the absolute truth of the essence of "normative" moral education.In Hegel’s view,the "normative" moral education can try to solve the "Hegelian Dilemma",which is dedicated to solving the internal tension between the subject’s conscience and the social ethical order,and whether the "goodness" is a subjective "goodness" or not.The objectified "goodness" and deciphering "conscience" are "formal conscience" rather than "real conscience".Therefore,ideological and political education should permeate the "normative" moral education thought in the practice of moral education,especially in specific courses,so as to explore the solution to "Hegelian Dilemma".As for the purpose,method and legitimacy of Hegel’s "normative" moral education,Marx carried out both "negative criticism" and "positive inheritance".The purpose of the criticism is to better understand that Hegel’s "guiding" moral education is a tool for the bourgeoisie to rule the proletariat.As the representative of the country,the bourgeoisie is the embodiment of the "objective spirit" and the spokesperson of the so-called "truth" in reality,that is,the "absolute truth",that is,the manifestation of the "absolute spirit" in the world.The sacred model of the "absolute spirit" of the "guiding" moral education is equal to the model of the bourgeois values in the world,exposing the reactionary nature of the bourgeoisie;Hegel’s "conceptual dialectics" is a tool for the bourgeoisie to shape itself as the incarnation of the "absolute spirit" in the world to confuse the proletariat,so that the bourgeoisie can legally put on the cloak of truth,so that the proletariat believes that the "absolute spirit" represented by the bourgeoisie is the truth,and taking the "absolute spirit" as the guide is fundamentally taking itself as the "guide".The reason for affirmative inheritance is to reverse Hegel’s "absolute spirit" to "communism" and "logical truth" to "truth logic",so that moral education starts from "real people".Bases on production relations,it leads to the Communist moral model,and realizes the reconciliation between productivity and production relations.At the same time,with the method of "normative" moral education,Marx reverses Hegel’s "conceptual dialectics" into "historical dialectics",making the form serves the content,preventing people from becoming a vassal of logic,and making all oppressed classes establish the lofty ideals and beliefs of communism,and constantly move closer and finally move forward to the free human union that realizes true freedom and liberation.