| The thought of yin-yang and five elements is one of the most important natural philosophy theories in the history of ancient Qinese thought.This paper mainly reveals the evolution process of the concept of yin-yang and five elements in the thought of pre-qin and han dynasties,and reflects the changes of the academic history of pre-qin and han dynasties.The second chapter analyzes the origin and derivative meaning of the category of yin-yang and five elements through etymology.The category of yin-yang originated from the presence or absence of sunlight irradiation and gradually separated from the meaning of natural experience after combining with the theory of Qi.The five elements are derived from five material materials."Five" originated from the ancient concept of "five";"Xing" means "use".The meaning of yin-yang and the five elements in various theories of the pre-qin and han dynasties has been contained in the original meaning of the category,and the category of yin-yang can be extended to the meaning of transformation,opposition,combination and separation,and the four periods of yin-yang.Yueling and Rishu are the source of the formation of the thought of five elements.In addition,the meaning of "earth" in the five elements is the result of many factors.The combination of yin-yang and the five elements is possible,but the problem of which is the fundamental entity must be solved.The third chapter analyzes the evolution of the concept of yin-yang and five elements in the Yueling and Rishu.The two cosmology of "heaven,human and human" are formed by the Yin and Yang in the month and the five elements in the day and book respectively.The movement theory of the rise and fall,transformation and struggle of yin-yang and yin-yang can explain the change of the four seasons.The five elements lack substantive meaning in the Yueling and Rishu,and become the essential attributes of things.The mixed blending system of the five elements originated from the theory of the generation of the five flavors,the five-color emperor sacrifice system created by the Jixia scholars,and the four-man gods from the folk myth.For the first time,Yin and Yang were connected with the five elements in the system of Yueling and Rishu,but the dispute over which element was the basic element was not resolved.Under the influence of the system of the Yueling and Rishu,the theory of Yin and Yang four seasons and four elements was formed in the Han Dynasty.Chapter four discusses the integration of yin-yang and five elements in the theory of Qi,as well as the application of medicine.Qi theory of the Warring States states that heaven and earth are the place where Yin and Yang Qi come into being.In the theory of human body,Qi is transformed into qi of the five elements.Yin and Yang are combined with the five elements in two ways: "two Yins and two Yangs" and "three Yins and three Yangs".The theory of yin-yang and five elements of Qi derived from the pre-Qin Taoist and Han Confucianist Dong Zhongshu’s debate on the motive force of the theory.One is the natural,self-made and unmotivated Qi,the other is the original and dynamic Qi,and the other is the personality god as the motive and objective Qi.Based on the theory of yin-yang and five elements qi,the relationship between body and mind and self-cultivation are introduced.Finally,Bai Hu Tong of the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wang Chong’s On Heng summarized and reflected on some problems in the theory of Yin and Yang and Five Elements Qi.The fifth chapter mainly explains the application of the concept of yin-yang and the five elements in political philosophy,which is divided into five virtues,yin-yang punishment-morality,yin-yang and the five elements disaster,and analyzes its theoretical evolution and practical historical application.Zou Yan’s " Five Virtues End-beginning " is a circular political historical view,Dong Zhongshu’s "Three Tongs" is put forward in order to fight for the discourse right with the people who hold the "Five Virtues Zhongshi",which is essentially a Confucian historical view of controlling chaos.Liu to father and son "Yao after the fire virtue" to the end of the beginning of the five.Yin and Yang punishment originated from the Yueling system;Silk Book of Huang Lao provides the basis for punishment-morality through the theory of Yin-yang generation,and explains Confucian ethics with the attribute of Yin-yang.Dong Zhongshu developed into Shang’s theory of Yin-Yang punishment.The disasters of yin-yang fit to describe the relationship between the monarch and his subjects,and the disasters of the five elements fit to explain the behavior of the monarch’s moral failure.Chapter six reveals the process of yin-yang and five elements blending into Yi Study.From the guaqi of the divination in the warring states brief to the system of "four seasons and five elements" of the four hexagrams of Mengxi,the combination of yin-yang and five elements was finally realized until Mengxi symbolized the movement of yin-yang and interpreted the hexagrams in the capital with the qi of yin-yang and five elements.Conclusion: The evolution of yin-yang and five elements was very widespread in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties,and each family discussed its own ideological system more or less with the help of the concept of yin-yang and five elements.There are two important stages in the evolution of the concept of yin-yang and five elements.The first is the formation of the theory of yin-yang and the Five Virtues End-beginning in jixia.The second is the combination of yin-yang and five elements qi theory with Confucianism by Dong Zhongshu. |
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