A Study On The Assessment Expressions Of Early Beijing Dialect

Assessment is essentially an interactive behavior that requires the participation of both listening and speaking parties.Assessment is the speaker’s perspective and viewpoint on an event or thing based on a certain understanding and is a reflection of the speaker’s perspective and stance.Sometimes the speaker will stand in the position of the listener and adopt certain speech acts to promote the normal progress of the conversation.Based on the understanding of the nature,subjectivity,and interaction subjectivity of evaluation interaction,this paper describes and analyzes the evaluation expression components in the early spoken Beijing dialect.Based on the relationship between language form and language function,a multi-level system of evaluation expression in early Beijing dialect spoken language has been established,including epistemic expression,emotional and attitudinal expression,and interactive framework negotiation expression.Among them,the epistemic expression is mainly investigated from the cognition of modal adverbs,verbs,auxiliary verbs,modal words,and so on.The emotional and attitudinal expression is mainly based on the evaluation of modal adverbs and modal words.The interactive negotiation framework is based on the adverb of speech action and response.Epistemic expression and emotional and attitudinal expression belongs to "semantic function-based research",which mainly reflects the characteristics of subjectivity,while interactive framework negotiation expression belongs to "interactive function-based research",which mainly reflects the characteristics of interactive subjectivity.In addition,it combs the evaluation and expression components of early Peking dialect and tries to comb out the special usage or origin of certain components in early Peking dialect,to conduct case studies on some phenomena.Such as the semantic features and discourse function of the adverb "JianZhi(简直)",the syntactic features and lexicalization of the modal word "才 X",the discourse position and discourse function of "JiuShile(就是了)",and the discourse analysis of the response "DeLe(得了)" and "ShiLe(是了)",etc.In addition to building the overall framework of assessment and expression of early Beijing dialect,this paper also further summarizes the characteristics and tendencies of assessment and expression components of early Beijing dialect.The early Beijing dialect has the characteristics of hierarchy,locality,inheritance and developmental.First of all,the early Beijing dialect is a hierarchical system,which consists of three subsystems:epistemic expression,emotional and attitudinal expression,and interactive framework negotiation.Each subsystem has different forms and means of expression,mainly consisting of vocabulary,discourse markers,and structures.Regionality is manifested in the imbalance of the distribution of the same evaluation expression component in the historical documents of the northern and southern mandarin,and most of the evaluation components of the early Beijing dialect belong to the characteristic words of the Beijing dialect.The characteristics of inheritance and developmental,starting with modal adverbs,illustrate the dynamic development process of the early modal adverb system of Beijing dialect in inheriting and eliminating the previous generation of words and constantly producing new modal adverbs.Finally,from the perspective of style,the distribution of modal adverbs,cognitive verbs,auxiliary verbs and modal words in fiction literature and textbook literature is observed,and the differences and commonalities of assessment expression in early Beijing dialect literature are illustrated.Based on the perspective of common words,super words and rare words,this paper further separates out the commonly used components of early Beijing dialect evaluation expressions.For example,11 modal adverbs are commonly used in early Beijing dialect,such as "Dao(倒)、Zhen(真)、DaoShi(倒(到)是)、BuBi(不必)、YiDing(一定)、ShiZai(实在)、Bing(并)、ZiRan(自然)、Juei(决 1)、DaGai(大概)、Bi(必)".In terms of cognition of verbs,auxiliary verbs and modal words,it is found that the forms of cognitive verbs to express cognitive modality in textbook literature are more abundant."Neng(能)" and"YingDang(应当)"are commonly used auxiliary verbs to express cognitive meaning in early Beijing dialect,and "Jiu Shi la(就是了/啦)" are common words to evaluate modal words in early Beijing dialect.