| The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in China,keeping a vivid image of the ritual and music civilization of the Zhou Dynasty as the historical materials,and providing valuable text materials for understanding the religion and ethics of the pre-Qin period.The main function of auspicious ceremony is to coordinate the relationship between heaven and man through regular daily sacrifice,which reflects the concept of natural law.Starting from the content of auspicious ceremony in poetry and the reflected cultural connotation,this thesis defines the poetry from the three categories of traditional auspicious ceremony,which are“offering sacrifices to gods”,“offering sacrifices to the earth”,and “offering sacrifices to the ghosts”.It systematically arranges 58 auspicious ceremony poems,makes a special discussion on “offering sacrifices to gods”,“offering sacrifices to the earth”,and “offering sacrifices to the ghosts” of auspicious ceremony,analyzes the rational spirit of Zhou,and explores its cultural value.Among the auspicious ceremony,the ceremony of sacrificing gods belongs to the highest specification of the category.Only the son of heaven can sacrifice in the ceremony process.There are not only many gods,but also they are different in dignity and inferiority.This thesis sorts out 9 poems on the ceremony of sacrificing heaven gods in The Book of Songs,including suburban sacrifice,sun,moon and stars sacrifice and rain sacrifice.The suburban sacrifice is presented in the poems Daya · Shengmin,Zhou Song · Haotian has a destiny,Zhou Song · Siwen,Lu Song · Kaigong and Shang Song · Changfa.The sacrifice in the sun,moon and stars sacrifice is Mazu in Xiaoya · Auspicious day and the spirit star in Zhou Song · silk clothes.The poem Daya · Yunhan is the most typical one of the rain sacrifice.It sorts out 18 poems on sacrificial earth rites in The Book of Songs.Poems related to state ceremony include Xiaoya · Futian,Xiaoya · Datian,Daya · Mian,Daya · Shengmin,Zhou Song · Siwen and so on.The mountains and rivers sacrificial poems clearly include Zhou Song · Tianzuo,Zhou Song · Shi Mai,Zhou Song · Ban.And the poems of Jitian ceremony are sorted out,including Xiaoya · Chuci,Xiaoya · Xinnanshan,and Xiaoya · Futian.In the first chapterof the Book of Songs has nine poems of auspicious rituals for the heaven,including the rites for Hao Tian God,the rites for the sun,moon and stars,and the rites for the wind and rain gods.Among them,the rites for the Hao Tian God are mainly in the form of nature praying,which are reflected in “Temple Altar,Humans Born”,“Odes to Zhou,destiny of Hao Tian”,“Odes to Zhou,God of Corn”,“Odes to Lu,Palace”,and “Odes to Shang,Long Originality”.The rites for the wind and rain gods are mainly rain praying,of which the most typical one is "Temple Altar,Milky Way".The rites for the wind and rain gods include "Xiaoya,Lucky Day" for Matsu,and "Odes to Zhou,Silk Gown" for the Spirit Star.The rites of the fields,and the rites of the road gods.Among them,there are 8 poems about the rituals of the earth gods include ““Xiaoya,Vast Land””,“Xiaoya,Vast Field”,“Temple Altar,Lithesome”,“Temple Altar,Humans Born” and “Odes to Zhou,God of Corn”etc.The clearly documented poems of the rites of the land,the mountains and rivers include "Odes to Zhou,Kissing Hill","Odes to Zhou,Shimai","Odes to Zhou,Ban",and sort out eight ritual poems including "Xiaoya,Chuz","Xiaoya,Ranging Southern Hill",and "Xiaoya,Vast Land".There are 46 poems related to sacrificial objects,types,places,ritual vessels,sacrifices,music and dance,and ceremonies.In this chapter,they are classified and discussed into three parts,which are the category of offering sacrifices to ghosts contained in poetry,the content of offering sacrifices to ghosts involved in poetry and the ceremony of offering sacrifices to ghosts seen in poetry.The temple rituals explicitly involved are "Zhaonan,Gathering Duckweed","Temple Altar,Jianghan","Odes to Zhou,Merits and Virtues","Odes to Zhou,A Pitiful Child","Odes to Zhou,Visit","Odes to Zhou,Reverence","Xiaoya,Heaven Protection","Odes to Zhou,Zaiyu","Odes to Shang,Na","Odes to Shang,Sacrificing Ancestor","Odes to Lu,Palace",etc.which are all related to the four time rituals of the regular rituals;"Odes to Zhou,Competition","Odes to Zhou,Yi" and "Odes to Shang,Long Originality" have a closer relationship with the ancestral rituals of the regular rituals;"Odes to Zhou,Musicians Blind" involves the temple and palace rituals of the regular rituals.The third section starts from the preparation before the ceremony,the formal sacrifice and rites after the ceremony,and restores the auspicious rituals under the background of the times based on poetry to feel the flavor of the times and show the significance on auspicious rituals given by poetry.Through the special discussion on the content of auspicious ceremony in The Book of Songs,this thesis explores the cultural value of auspicious ceremony poetry.This paper illustrates the cultural spirit reflected in auspicious ceremony poetry under the background of patriarchal society from five aspects,including the Zhou People’s rational understanding of destiny and ghosts and gods,the supreme spiritual realm with "virtue" as the core,the Zhou People’s ethics of auspicious ceremony,the Zhou People’s politicization of auspicious ceremony,and the agricultural rational spirit presented in poetry.Auspicious ceremoney is one of the core elements of the ritual and music civilization of the Zhou dynasty.The research on auspicious ceremony poetry in this paper reveals the veil of the ritual and music civilization of the Zhou Dynasty from one side,illustrating the unique rational spirit of the patriarchal era,which highlights the supreme cultural achievements of the ritual and music civilization created by the people in Zhou dynasty.In the definition of auspicious ceremony poetry,the paper accepts different identification methods,looks for a new perspective,deeply excavates the poetry content,and achieves the restoration effect of traditional auspicious ceremony as much as possible.In order to better understand Chinese traditional poetry ceremony culture and enhance the understanding of Chinese ancient social situation with poetry ceremony culture as the background,it is also necessary to further research the significance of auspicious ceremony existence in poetry,so as to ensure the inheritance of excellent traditional poetry ceremony culture. |
