| Chuang tzu(also known as Nanhua Zhenjing)is an important book of Taoism in the Pre-Qin Dynasty.It not only occupies an important position in philosophy and religion,but also is known as the treasure of ancient Chinese books.Its literary grace is extremely beautiful,philosophical thinking is open-minded and profound.In the outline of the history of Chinese literature,Lu Xun pointed out that Chuang tzu’s article “no one can be the first in the late Zhou Dynasty”.To understand Chuang tzu,we must first start from its language style and explore why Chuang tzu expressed it in this way.One of the discourse features of Chuang tzu is that the text contains a large number of metaphorical discourses.Chuang tzu has such a lofty status and outstanding achievements,which is closely related to the unique metaphorical ideographic way chosen by Chuang tzu.This can be confirmed by Chuang tzu’s philosophy itself.The three words used in his writing,namely “fable”,“tautology” and “Yan”,are fundamentally a metaphorical expression.Yang Keqin(2012:21)argues that Chuang tzu is the condensation of metaphorical thinking,so its words are beautifully flowing.Through literature review,it is found that the metaphor theory in Chuang tzu,especially the expression rich in ecological metaphor,carries the simple ecological thought of ancient China.Chuang Tzu resorted to the pen of everything in heaven and earth,and spread and collected the captured text.Ecological metaphor takes images from animals,plants and other natural things,presents readers with a broad space for imagination and aftertaste,and precipitates valuable ecological ideological resources for the development of human society.Therefore,the study of the translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu is to pay attention to the reproduction of ecological value in its translation,which will certainly enlighten the study of the communication mode of Chuang tzu’s ecological thought abroad.When it comes to metaphor translation,scholars have achieved fruitful results,but there are also some deficiencies.The guiding theory of metaphor translation is limited to linguistics,and interdisciplinary theoretical resources are scarce;The analysis of language representation in translation is more,but the analysis of its deep mechanism is less.Xu Shenghuan(2014)proposed that metaphor is the product of mind.Intentional relevance refers to the prerequisite for the formation of metaphor.Metaphor construction is a subjective activity in which the subject participates in mental processing.Xiao Jiayan and Li HENGWEI(2010)metaphor translation practice is a translation process based on the translator’s cultural experience.The so-called“experience” refers to “category,concept,reasoning,mind and meaning are formed based on physical experience,and its most basic form mainly depends on the perception of position,spatial relationship and power movement”(Wang Yin 2004:35).It can be seen that the translator’s mind is one of the important factors in the process of metaphor translation.Drawing on the theoretical achievements in the philosophy of mind and based on three representative examples of English translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu,this study analyzes the translator’s mental operation mechanism,external subject influencing factors and metaphor translation strategies under the common influence in the process of ecological metaphor translation,in order to make a modest contribution to the translation and research of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu.Specifically,this study attempts to answer the following three questions:1)What is the internal mental operation mechanism of the translator in the translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu?2)How do the external subject constraints in the translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu operate?3)Starting from the translator’s internal mental operation mechanism and external subject influencing factors,what are the translation strategies of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu?The first two questions explore the theoretical framework of ecological metaphor translation in Chuang tzu from two aspects: the translator’s internal mental operation mechanism and external subject influencing factors,which are two parallel dimensions of “inside” and “outside”,in order to expand the theoretical perspective of translation research.The third problem is the research on the translation strategies of ecological metaphor based on the theoretical exploration of the first two.It focuses on the translation methods of ecological metaphor,which has strong practical significance.The final solution of the three problems is the result of the benign interaction between theory and practice.In order to answer the above questions,this study takes the concepts of quale,intentionality,supervenience and emergence in the philosophy of mind as the theoretical basis,constructs the theoretical analysis model suitable for translation studies and takes the translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu as the research object.This study selects the full English translation of Chuang tzu by James Legge,Watson and Wang Rongpei as the research corpus,identifies and labels the ecological metaphor in the translation,and constructs a small parallel database of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu.Through the research path of text observation,feature description and reason interpretation,the paper tries to answer the above research questions.The main findings are as follows:1)Inspired by mental philosophy,we can find the internal mental operation mechanism of ecological metaphor translation in Chuang tzu.Human language ability depends on mental ability.On the surface,eco metaphor translation is a sign transformation at the verbal level.In essence,all links of sign transformation undoubtedly rely on the initiative of mental activities.Specifically,quale leads the input of the original text,intentionality triggers the translation processing,and supervenience restricts the translation processing,resulting in the final emergence of new translation quality.Firstly,in the initial stage of eco metaphor translation,when the translator first sees the original text,the subject’s quale to the text object is the basis of subsequent translation processing.Secondly,intentionality plays an active role as the starting point of ecological metaphor translation activities.Since the discourse subject can derive its own intentionality from language symbols,the translator will undoubtedly reflect the directivity to the text object,that is,the active role of intentionality.Thirdly,the translation of ecological metaphor involves two dimensions: the translator(mind)and the text(object).The translation is not only subject to the mental processing of subject intentionality,but also restricted by the object of the original text,which reflects the dependence and independent dependence of the translation on the original text.In short,in the process of intentionality playing an active role in the construction of translated text,supervenience also plays a restrictive role in intentionality,and finally realizes the dynamic balance of code switching.Finally,quale,intentionality and supervenience interact in the process of ecological metaphor translation,construct the new quality of the translation and form the final translation text.In conclusion,it is feasible to establish the internal mental operation model of ecological metaphor translation of Chuang tzu under the guidance of mental philosophy.2)The translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu is restricted by external subject factors.In a broad sense,the translation subject involves the author,the translator and the reader,which are the core external subject constraints affecting the translation of ecological metaphor.In other words,the author’s thought is represented by the original text,which restricts the translation,the translation audience is the expected reader of the translation,and the intentional background is an important factor of the translator’s subjectivity.Specifically,firstly,the author based on the same supervenience has constraints on the translation of ecological metaphor,which stems from the “identity” and“supervenience” between the original text created by the author and the translation constructed by the translator from the perspective of mental philosophy.That is,the original text and the translation not only have replaceable identity,but also the translation is attached to and restricted by the original text.This is exemplified in the metaphorical expressions of ecological orientation,ontology and structure in Chuang tzu.Secondly,the translation audience based on collective intentionality has constraints on the translation of ecological metaphor.The reason is that the reader group is the interaction of group cooperation and the summary of group intention in the reading links such as reading the translation,communicating feelings,recommendation and introduction.On the contrary,the collective intentionality of the target audience will also restrict and restrict the translation.In the practice of ecological metaphor translation,the translation audience,who plays the main body of reading,acceptance and evaluation,will affect the appearance of the translation.When interpreting the representative translation of Chuang tzu,which focuses on religious communication,political colonization and cultural communication,it is found that the translation audience has constraints on the translation of ecological metaphor in the text.Finally,the translator based on intentional background has constraints on the translation of ecological metaphor.The translator’s intentional background is the prerequisite for the translator’s overall cognition and the collection of the translator’s pre intention presupposition.In the process of translation,the background is the starting point for the translator to judge and perceive the original text.The difference of the translator’s intentional background will make the subject’s understanding of the original content different.As far as the translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu is concerned,the translator’s intention background,such as the translator’s academic habits,learning and working experience and translation experience,and the translator’s era,which are emphasized by external factors,all restrict the translator’s ecological metaphor translation.3)Based on the comprehensive consideration of internal mental operation mechanism and external subject constraints,the translation strategies of ecological metaphor can be adjusted and reconstructed.The analysis of the internal mental operation mechanism and external subject constraints in the translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu is a theoretical interpretation of the translation of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu,which has a certain enlightenment on the choice of translators’ translation strategies.This study analyzes the translator’s translation strategies from the perspective of mental philosophy from the three dimensions of mental model(s),intention content(P)and intention background.Firstly,the translation reconstruction of s variables of the psychological model of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu mainly involves the aspects of psychological state,psychological estimation,psychological orientation and so on.The rewriting of psychological state expressed by ecological metaphor involves the addition and equivalence translation strategies of psychological state words.Psychometric rewriting covers translation strategies such as sequence adjustment,explicit expression and so on.In terms of psychological orientation rewriting,it talks about the psychological orientation of image expression and neutral expression.Secondly,the intentional content of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu is p variable translation reconstruction.The paper analyzes how the three translators reconstruct the P variable of the intended content of ecological metaphor,which is specific to the translation strategies of the intended content of ecological metaphor,such as addition reconstruction,subtraction reconstruction and equivalence reconstruction.Finally,the intentional background of ecological metaphor in Chuang tzu is manifested in translation reconstruction.In the linguistic dimension,intentional context is the preset background for the understanding of sentence meaning.It can be divided into “deep background” and “local background”.The former is the subject’s pre intentional position on the universality of things,and the latter is the subject’s pre intentional position on a specific thing(scar 1983).In terms of ecological metaphor translation activities,in the deep background,the universality of human cognitive ability makes code switching between different nationalities possible in the local background,If the text environment of the translation is different from that of the original text,the information transmission of the original text will inevitably deviate,which will lead to cultural context errors.Therefore,in order to ensure foreign readers’ correct cognition of the original ecological information,the translator can manifest the nonrepresentational “deep background” and “local background” of ecological metaphor discourse,involving the explicit translation strategies of ecological orientation,ontology and structural metaphor deep intentional background and local intentional background respectively.The conclusion is that inspired by the concepts of quale,intentionality,supervenience and emergence,the internal mental operation mechanism model of ecological metaphor translation in Chuang tzu can be dynamically generated.The translator,the audience and the author,which are the core of the translation subject,have constraints on the translation of ecological metaphor.Thus,the combined action of internal mental operation mechanism and external subject influencing factors can put forward new ideas for the reconstruction of ecological metaphor translation strategies.In short,we should pay attention to the translation studies related to the ecological metaphorical discourse in Chuang tzu,and the translation studies of ecological metaphors in Chuang tzu from the perspective of mental philosophy can provide reference for the cross domain exploration of translation discipline.In order to provide useful inspiration for us to understand and solve the ecological crisis faced by modern people. |
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