| Vocabulary is one of the three basic elements in languages,and the study of vocabulary has always been an abstract and complex work.Both the Monguor and Bonan Languages in our country belong to the Mongolian language groups.There have been previous researches on their phonetics and grammars;however,the systematic one on their vocabulary is still rare,but the study on the evolution of the vocabulary is a demanding yet critical topic.The vocabulary corpus of Monguor and Bonan Languages illustrates in this dissertation comes from the following two areas: one is the material obtained from the unified Mongolian language vocabulary survey in 1980;the other is our newly investigation into the vocabulary materials in 2021 according to the vocabulary outlines of “Monguor Language Vocabulary”(1986)and “Bonan Language Vocabulary”(1986).In May 2021,the author went to Huzhu Monguor Autonomous County in Qinghai Province to conduct an on-the-spot research on the vocabulary of the Monguor language,and collected a wealth of first-hand information.Also in October2021,we used Ding Ding App to carry out the survey on the Bonan vocabulary.In addition,we consult to the “China Language Resources Protection Project Collection and Recording Platform”(https://zhongguoyuyan.cn/)as well as the existing vocabul ary materials on Monguor and Bonan languages.This dissertation employs descriptive,investigation,historical comparison and statistic analysis methods to study the lexical characteristics of Monguor and Bonan Languages,which focuses on using the historical comparison method to compare the vocabulary of the Monguor and Bonan Languages collected between 1980 and 2021,and systematically analyzes the lexical evolution of these two languages over the past forty years from the following six perspective of “semantic changes”,“phonological changes”,“word expression changes”,“word composition change”,“new and old word replacement change” and “word structure change”.On this basis,by descriptive method and statistics analysis,the proportion of the word composition change in these two language is studied,and the characteristics and reasons of vocabulary evolution phenomenon are discussed emphatically.The dissertation consists of five chapters that are the introduction,the first chapter,the second chapter,the third chapter and the conclusion.The introduction part deals with the research background,the general situation of the Monguor people and their language,the general situation of the Bonan people and their language,the general academic condition of the vocabulary research of the two languages,the purpose and rational of the topic,the research method and its significance,the research innovation,the research corpus and the related phonetic transcriptions used in the thesis.The first chapter divides the lexical changes in Monguor language into six aspects of “semantic changes”,“phonological changes”,“word expression changes”,“word composition change”,“new and old word replacement change” and “word structure change”.In the first section,the semantic change analyzes examples from“semantic expansion”,“semantic reduction” and “semantic variation”.In the second part of the phonetic change,four aspects of “pronunciation”,“reduction”,“phonetic transposition” and “sound change” were investigated.In the third part of word expression,different words used to express synonyms as well as the semantic discrimination in different towns and villages were shown.In the fourth section,the change of word composition,two aspects of the native word change as well as the loan word change of the Monguor language are expounded.The inflection of the native words in the Monguor language is conducted from three aspects: the cognate words with Mongolian,the changes of the ancient words and special words preserved in the language.In the part of loanword changes,four aspects of “Chinese loanword change”,“Tibetan loanword change”,“Manchu loanword change” and “Turkic loanword change” are analyzed and studied.The fifth section is about the replacement of old and new words.The sixth section described and explained the structural changes of words.The second chapter divides the vocabulary changes of Bonan into six subsections,including “semantic changes”,“phonological changes”,“word expression changes”,“word composition change”,“new and old word replacement change” and “word structure change”.In the first section,the semantic changes are illustrated from three aspects: “semantic expansion”,“semantic reduction” and “semantic variation”.In the second section of Bonan vocabulary and phonetic changes,the four aspects of“pronunciation”,“decreasing”,“phonetic transposition” and “sound change” are investigated;in the third section,the expression changes of words were investigated from the aspects of synonymous expressions of different words,synonymous expressions in different towns,and semantic distinctions;in the fourth section,the change of word composition is divided into two aspects: the inherent word change of Bonan language and the loan word change of Bonan language.The evolution of the inherent words in Bonan language are investigated from three aspects: the cognate words with Mongolian,the ancient words preserved in Bonan language,and the changes of special words.The loanword changes in Bonan language are divided into three aspects: “Chinese loanword changes”,“Tibetan loanword changes”and “Turkic loanword changes”.The third chapter introduces the general characteristics of lexical changes in Monguor and Bonan languages and the deep reasons for lexical evolution.The conclusion part makes a coherent summary of the full text,and explains the unsolved problems and deficiencies in the dissertation. |
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