Grammar Studies On Chinese Documents Written In Yuan Dynasty Unearthed From Heishui City

Studies of Chinese grammar in the Yuan Dynasty Mostly use the handed down documents such as Zaju plays,Sanqu songs,southern operas,story-telling scripts,"literal translation" and "straightforward speaking",vernacular documents and Yuan Dynasty conversation textbooks as the research corpus,and these corpora can be roughly divided into "pure Chinese" literature and "Mongolian Chinese"literature.Previous studies have different understanding of these corpora,and the focus is whether these corpora can really reflect the real face of the language of the Yuan Dynasty.Documents written in the Yuan Dynasty are the main components of the Chinese documents unearthed from Heishui city,and it accounts for a large proportion in the Chinese documents unearthed from Heishui city.In particular,those documents collected in China are basically written in the Yuan Dynasty.Chinese documents written in the Yuan Dynasty unearthed from Heishui City have rich types,popular terms,clear ages and large quantities,and they are valuable materials for the study of Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty.At present,the language research of Chinese documents written in Yuan Dynasty unearthed from Heishui City is mainly the textual research and interpretation of characters and words,and the grammar research is limited to sporadic examples in some grammar research works.In order to systematically understand the grammatical phenomena in Chinese documents written in Yuan Dynasty unearthed from Heishui City,and then explore the research value of this corpus,On the basis of summarizing the times and corpus characteristics of Chinese documents written in Yuan Dynasty unearthed from Heishui City,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the notional words,function words and syntax in the documents by using the traditional grammatical description method,and compares the analysis results with the four commonly used Chinese corpora in the Yuan Dynasty and Dunhuang or Turpan documents using the list method.The paper is divided into six parts.The introduction part systematically combs the research status of Chinese grammar in Yuan Dynasty and Chinese literature language unearthed from Heishui City,and expounds the scope of research materials,research methods and research values;Chapter One is a general description of document corpus,analyzes the era environment of document language,and summarizes the characteristics of document language in text,style and choice of words;Chapter Two and Chapter Three systematically sort out the parts of speech of the documents,comprehensively analyzes the use of pronouns,quantifiers,adverbs,auxiliary verbs,prepositions,conjunctions and auxiliary words in the Yuan Dynasty documents unearthed from Heishui city,makes vertical comparison with Dunhuang Bianwen or Turpan documents,and makes horizontal comparison with other corpus of the Yuan Dynasty,in order to have a multi-dimensional understanding of the grammatical characteristics of the Yuan Dynasty documents unearthed from Heishui city;Chapter Four is syntactic research,which analyzes several distinctive grammatical structures of modern Chinese,such as verb complement structure,passive form,disposal form and judgment sentence,and focuses on several special grammatical phenomena of the Yuan Dynasty documents in the Chinese documents unearthed from Heishui city;The conclusion part summarizes the research results,expounds the shortcomings of the paper and the prospect of future research.The results show that Chinese documents written in Yuan Dynasty unearthed from Heishui City have a clear age,rich spoken language and complete grammatical elements,and they are reliable new materials for the study of Chinese grammar of the Yuan Dynasty.The document has distinctive characteristics.It is very different from other corpus of Yuan Dynasty,Dunhuang and Turpan documents in pronouns,quantifiers,adverbs,auxiliary verbs,prepositions,conjunctions,auxiliary words and some sentence patterns.It has obvious traces of Mongolian Chinese language contact and regional language characteristics.