| ObjectiveAt present,the research on pulse diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine is relatively scattered,and the research on pre-Qin and Han Dynasties is even weaker.This paper systematically collates relevant literature on pulse diagnosis in Pre-Qin and Han dynasties,examines the academic origin,formation and development of pulse diagnosis,discusses the logical relationship between diagnosis,pulse diagnosis and treatment and its specific contents,and reasonably explains a series of related issues,so as to make up for the shortcomings of current research and promote the development of TCM pulse diagnosis.It also provides useful reference for clinical practice and objectification research.Methods1.Literature research method:Literature collection and collation is the first step of this research.Literature related to pulse diagnosis in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties is comprehensively occupied,and data databases are established respectively in four aspects of the origin,diagnosis,pulse and treatment of pulse diagnosis,laying a foundation for subsequent research.2.Comparative analysis:One of the difficulties in the study of pulse diagnosis in the Pre-Qin and Han dynasties lies in the fact that the literature is numerous and disordered,which should not be confused.Only on the basis of careful comparison and careful analysis of texts can different literatures be identified,similar texts can be splintered,and the context of academic development can be clarified and reasonably interpreted.3.Exegetical examination method:interpreting ancient Chinese texts and taking words out of context is a common defect in interpreting ancient Chinese texts,which leads to specious and nonconformity.Therefore,to study the pulse diagnosis of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties,it is necessary to use exegetical methods to analyze and analyze the relevant terms of pulse diagnosis and the specific meanings of some texts,so as to achieve the purpose of"distinguishing chapters and studying the source and flow of mirrors".4.Interdisciplinary research method:The research methods of traditional Chinese medicine,ancient philosophy and history are comprehensively applied to study the origin and flow of academic thoughts related to pulse diagnosis in Pre-Qin and Han dynasties of traditional Chinese medicine,which runs through various stages of the origin,formation and development of pulse diagnosis.Results1.The ancients’ understanding of "pulse" originated from blood,which divided into meridians and veins in the course of development.Early stone needle "acupuncture veins"clinical practice laid the foundation for the pulse formation,is a necessary process of acupuncture,pulse-create necessary conditions for thorn pulse treatment,the diagnosis "the pulse of a" to determine needle position,the second is examining the actual situation was not to establish the quality,such as pulse in long pulse clinical practice,thus gradually formed a series of methods of pulse and pulse condition.2.The method of pulse diagnosis is mainly used to determine the location of the disease,and to know the occurrence of the disease in what channels and collages and organs to determine the treatment site.At first,the main form of the diagnosis of pulse throughout the body was divided into choroid diagnosis and meridians diagnosis according to the difference of blood throughout the body.Choroid diagnosis has experienced three forms of diagnosis of blood collaterals,diagnosis of replacement pulse and diagnosis of skin size,and meridians diagnosis has formed specimen diagnosis,three parts of nine waiting diagnosis,twelve original diagnosis and the diagnosis of the mouth.The long-term diagnosis and treatment practice of pulse diagnosis all over the body laid the foundation for the formation of Cunkou pulse diagnosis,which mainly includes five zang organs pulse diagnosis and other Cunkou diagnosis methods.The long-term diagnosis and treatment practice of Cunkou pulse diagnosis also laid the foundation for the formation of the single Cunkou pulse diagnosis.Based on the academic thought of single Cunkou pulse diagnosis,"Nanjing" established a variety of waiting diagnosis methods such as "Cunchi","heavy and heavy","three parts" and "six parts"respectively at the Cunkou pulse,realizing the diagnosis of lesions in various parts of the body.Among them,the "one-inch differential syndrome" and "three-part syndrome" are used in clinical practice by Zhang Zhongjing system,while the "six-part syndrome" diagnosis is more popular in teaching and clinical practice.The construction of the above diagnostic methods basically follows a unified pattern,that is,under the guidance of the ancient philosophical thoughts such as Yin and Yang,three talents and five elements,a variety of partial theories were formed,and from these partial theories a variety of pulse diagnosis methods were constructed.3.Pulse image is mainly used to judge the etiology and disease status,to learn the cause and degree of the disease to determine the treatment.In the stage of pulse diagnosis all over the body,the diagnosis focuses on "blood collages","pulse of Yin and Yang","tight pulse"and "sinking pulse".Different pulse diagnosis methods have formed different pulse images,such as the pulse image of specimen diagnosis is "Sheng deficiency cold heat tight generation and sinking",and the pulse image of twelve original diagnosis methods is "smooth and astringent in size and acute".The pulse patterns of the whole body laid the foundation for the formation of Cunkou pulse patterns in the long-term diagnosis and treatment practice,including the five Zang pulse patterns(Xiangou substitute for Maoshi)and other Cunkou pulse patterns.In the long-term practice of diagnosis and treatment,the pulse images of Cunkou pulse diagnosis laid the foundation for the formation of the pulse images of Cunkou pulse diagnosis.After the systematic clinical practice of Zhang Zhongjing,Wang Shuhe finally summarized the commonly used pulse images into 24 pieces and included them in the"Pulse Classic",systematically standardizing the name and shape of pulse images for the first time,which has been used to this day.4.Pulse diagnosis is an objective basis for guiding treatment and an objective index for evaluating curative effect,which has important clinical value.In the pre-Qin and Han dynasties,TCM treatment was mainly established based on pulse diagnosis,including general treatment,basic treatment and secondary treatment.In addition,through pulse diagnosis,the diagnosis and treatment of choroid diseases,meridians,six fu diseases and five Zang diseases were realized,thus forming a complete diagnosis and treatment system of "collaterals from the heart".ConclusionThrough comprehensive analysis and research,it is believed that the pre-Qin and Han dynasties are the historical periods of the origin,formation and full development of TCM pulse diagnosis,forming a systematic academic thought of TCM pulse diagnosis and constructing a complete theoretical system of TCM pulse diagnosis.Pulse diagnosis originated from the early practice of pricking,which was initially the examination of blood vessels,and was divided into two forms:the examination of choroid veins and the examination of meridians,to determine the treatment site and treatment principles for acupuncture treatment.In the process of development and evolution,pulse diagnosis has experienced three stages:pulse diagnosis all over the body,pulse diagnosis at a single mouth,and single mouth pulse diagnosis.Ancient philosophical thoughts such as Yin and Yang,three ability and five elements have played an important role in the construction of the pulse diagnosis system.A variety of pulse diagnosis methods have been constructed in each stage,and each diagnosis method has become its own pulse image in practice.In clinical practice,corresponding pulse diagnosis methods should be applied according to different levels of lesions from the heart and viscera,and its own pulse image can effectively guide the treatment of diseases.Pulse diagnosis is the core diagnostic method of traditional Chinese medicine in pre-Qin and Han dynasties.It has important development value and should be paid more attention to in modern clinic.Meaning1.On the basis of comprehensively occupying relevant historical materials of pulse-diagnosis in the Pre-Qin and Han dynasties and carefully clarifying the text of pulse-diagnosis,this paper comprehensively reviews the historical process of the academic development of pulse-diagnosis in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties,systematically examines important academic issues related to pulse-diagnosis and puts forward relevant opinions,which makes up for the deficiencies of the academic research of pulse-diagnosis in the Pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and contributes to the further development of the academic research of pulse-diagnosis.2.On the basis of studying the academic development of pulse diagnosis,this paper systematically sorted out many methods of pulse diagnosis formed in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and described their concept,origin,content and significance one by one.It systematically sorted out the corresponding pulse symptoms of each diagnosis method and described their name,shape,mechanism and main disease.The treatment rules established under the guidance of pulse diagnosis and the diagnosis and treatment system of "meridians from the bottom of the heart" are of referential significance to current clinical practice.3.The research on objectization of pulse diagnosis is currently in its infancy,and interpreting ancient pulse diagnosis with modern scientific and technological means will be the general trend of future pulse diagnosis research.The organizing and analysis of pulse diagnosis texts and the interpretation of pulse diagnosis theories are important preconditions for objectification research,and the basic work often contains great value indicating scientific research.For example,Tu Youyou invented artemisinin based on the full interpretation of artemisinin texts.Therefore,this topic has reference significance for the study of objectification of pulse diagnosis. |
