Research And Application Of Intervention Methods For Overweight And Obesity Based On Multidimensional Health Data

Overweight and obesity have become major public health problems worldwide,which can lead to cardiovascular disease(CVD),metabolic diseases,psychological diseases and other diseases that seriously affect individual health and quality of life.Half of the Chinese are overweight or obese,and national health is facing serious challenges.The widespread prevalence of overweight and obesity is due to the unhealthy lifestyle brought by social development and technological progress.The main treatment for overweight and obesity is the coordinated comprehensive lifestyle intervention including physical activity,diet,and behavior.However,the lack of personalized intervention theory based on Chinese population make the intervention plan difficult to implement,and the lack of management model suitable for large-scale patient led to the mere formality of the treatment in China.To solve this problem,this paper will explore the lifestyle risk factors of overweight and obesity based on a large sample of Chinese population data,design personalized intervention methods and remote management system,and apply the research results to the health management of overweight and obesity in the community.The main contents include:1.Study on the health risk of overweight/obesity individualsOverweight and obesity are important risk factors for metabolic diseases,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,cancer,respiratory diseases,and other major chronic diseases.We conducted a study based on the physical examination data of 32542 Chinese residents and the follow-up data of 2878 cases with an interval of one year.The research results pointed out that for every 1 kg/m2 increase in body mass index(BMI),the prevalence of diabetes,hypertension and dyslipidemia would increase by 1.28%,3.99%and 2.69%respectively.We also quantitatively analyzed the short-term impact of weight changes on blood glucose,blood pressure and blood lipids,it provides a basis for the intervention goal of overweight and obese people.At the same time,we analyzed the relationship between metabolic status and overweight and obesity.The results show that overweight and obesity will accelerate the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities,and the increase of body weight will increase the risk of CVD to a similar extent between metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals.There is no significant difference in the risk of CVD between metabolically healthy overweight/obesity and metabolically unhealthy counterparts.Excess body weight will directly increase the risk of CVD.Therefore,it is necessary for all overweight and obese individuals to receive intervention treatment.2.Study on lifestyle risk factors of overweight and obesityLifestyle elements are complex and interact with each other.Locating the main risk factors can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of comprehensive lifestyle intervention strategies.We used the method of principal component analysis to extract lifestyle patterns,and identified three major lifestyle patterns in the Chinese population:social,diversified diet and sports.The results showed that the social lifestyle pattern characterized by frequent dining out,insufficient diet and housework has the highest risk of overweight and obesity,In addition,the study by sex determined that the main risk factors for overweight and obesity in Chinese men were drinking,eating out and meat intake,while the main risk factors for overweight and obesity in women were eating out,not enough breakfast,and not enough housework.In addition,the effects of dietary intake,dietary habits,smoking,drinking,physical activity,and other lifestyle factors on body weight were quantitatively analyzed,these results provide theoretical basis for the design of comprehensive lifestyle intervention methods for overweight and obese people in China.3.Research on the relationship between lifestyle and overweight obesity associated diseasesThe previous study focused on the index of body weight,but it is not clear about the health benefits of diversified diet,vegetables,fruits and cereals intake and other dietary elements.It is necessary to further study the relationship between these elements and the related indexes of overweight and obesity complicated with diseases.Compared with other overweight/obesity comorbidties such as diabetes and hypertension,dyslipidemia has the characteristics of high prevalence,low awareness,and low control rate in China.Studying the relationship between lifestyle elements and blood lipid indexes based on the previous results can enrich the comprehensive lifestyle intervention strategies for overweight and obesity,and provide solutions for the management of blood lipids during the intervention.We analyzed the effects of diet and physical activity on blood lipid indexes from the perspectives of dietary diversity and dietary pattern.The results show that higher physical activity level,sufficient dietary diversity,diet structure rich in dairy products,high-quality protein,vegetables,and fruits are related to healthy lipid profiles.Meanwhile,through the analysis of dietary intake,we found that the daily intake of dairy products,vegetables,and fruits sre seriously insufficient among Chinese.4.Method and system of comprehensive lifestyle intervention for overweight and obesityAt present,the intervention theories of overweight and obesity are mainly universal recommendations come from the guidelines based on foreign population research,and effective supervision and management methods are needed.Based on the previous research,we proposed a comprehensive lifestyle intervention model and method for overweight and obesity,including intervention indicators,screening of intervention objects,evaluation before intervention,exercise intervention,diet intervention,behavior intervention,intervention management process.Health management and medical experts inside and outside Anhui province were invited to review and assess the scientificity of the theoretical method.A set of system is designed for remote intervention management through wearable devices,mobile phone applications and cloud platform.The effectiveness of the system is verified by intervention experiments.5.Community intervention experiment based on intervention methods and systems for overweight and obese peopleConsidering the number of overweight and obese population and the shortage of grass-roots general practitioners in China,it is difficult to achieve the refined management for everyone.It is necessary to explore an intervention management model for overweight and obesity suitable for China’s national conditions.We applied theoretical intervention methods and systems to the community.Overweight and obese individuals were recruited for comprehensive lifestyle intervention management.The intervention data showed that the coordinated intervention of exercise,diet and behavior significantly improve the weight,body composition,and blood lipid indexes of intervention objects.Health education of diet and behavior style merely can also lead to the reduction of body weight and fat.The results verified the effectiveness of the intervention method and system designed in this paper for overweight and obesity.Through the pilot application in Hefei grass-roots community health service center,the research results of this paper are applied to explore the community-based remote intervention management mode of comprehensive lifestyle of overweight and obesity.