Investigation On Correlation Of Breastfeeding And Gestational Diabetes,Infant Respiratory Diseases And Obesity

1.BackgroundBreast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants.However,despite the World Health Organization(WHO)recommends,the global prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in children below the age of 6 months was only 43%.Chinese mothers are less likely to exclusively breastfeeding for the first 6 months,with only 21%.The prevalence of any breastfeeding at 6 months is 84.3%.According to the results of the cost of not breastfeeding tool show thatthe total global costs of not breastfeeding were estimated at 694322 deaths annually and the economic losses of $ 341.3 billion around the world,which translates to 0.70%of the global gross national income.It should be noted that not breastfeeding was estimated to lead to 13065 Chinese child deaths from pneumonia and 974956 children obese and the total economic losses of not breastfeeding was estimated to be US$66.1 billion,which translates to 0.61%of China’s Gross National Income.The huge human and economic costs of non-breastfeeding have led to the need for better support worldwide to increase breastfeeding rates.2.Materials and Method2.1 Research object1、Data were collected from May 2019 to April 2020,at Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital in Guangdong.A total of 1562 pregnant women were recruited in the study at their antenatal care visits between 15 and 20 gestational weeks.After childbirth,these women and their babies then were followed up until 6 months postpartum.2、From June 2020 to November 2021,a total of 2017 children in their3-4 years old in 12 kindergartens in 6 districts of Shenzhen were collected.The study subjects were kindergarten children who were residents of Shenzhen and had lived in the area for more than 1 year,aged 3-4 years,and had no serious organic or chronic diseases.2.2 MethodsCoordinate and communicate with experts from the School of Public Health of Curtin University in Australia,specialists in pediatrics of Southern Medical University,and related experts of Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Hospital to reach a consensus on investigation and survey form.The trained investigators get the information form the subject’s medical records of prenatal care and interviewed with the pregnant woman and family members to obtain the relevant delivery information and the newborn’s detailed information.At the 1st,3rd,and 6th month after giving birth,make an appointment for a telephone follow up,and the surveyors filled out a questionnaire to collect detailed information about infant feeding patterns and issues related to infant diseases.Visited 12 kindergartens in different areas of Shenzhen to measure the height and weight of young children and fill out questionnaires.Questionnaires were collected,data were sorted and classified,and professionals entered the data into a database and performed statistical analysis.3.Result3.1Among the 1,526 pregnant women,1,326 women were effectively followed up with a retention rate 84.9%,of which there were 1115 in the control group and 211 in the gestational diabetes group with a prevalence of 15.9%.The results of Logistics regression analysis showed that the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of gestational diabetic mothers was lower than that of normal mothers(OR=0.73;95%confidence interval 0.53-0.99),which is statistically significant(P value<0.05).3.2Among the 1,562 pregnant women,1,245 were effectively followed up with a retention rate of 79.7%,78.8%of which were still breastfeeding in six months after childbirth.21.2%were formula fed.Formula feeding infants had a higher incidence of disease.The results of Logistics regression analysis suggested that formula feeding infants had a higher risk of lower respiratory tract infection than breastfed infants by approximately 2.2 times(AOR(95%CI)=2.19(1.35-3.58)).3.32017 children aged 3-4 years were selected as the study subjects,and effectively retrieve 1834 questionnaires,including 965 boys and 869 girls,with a retention rate of 91%.A total of 373 subjects were overweight/obese among them,and the overweight/obesity rate was 20.3%.The results of binary Logistic regression analysis indicated that the overweight/obesity group of preschool children was lower than that of the normal control group within 6 months after birth(OR=0.76;95%confidence interval 0.60-0.96),the difference is statistically significant(P value<0.05).4.Conclusion4.1 There is a negative correlation between gestational diabetes mothers and exclusive breastfeeding rates for the three days after birth.4.2 Breastfeeding for 6 months is a protective factor for infants’ disease within 6 months,especially lower respiratory infections.4.3 Exclusive breastfeeding within 6 months is a protective factor for overweight/obesity in children aged 3-4 years.