| Celery,as a functional vegetable with the same origin of medicine and food,is rich in a variety of functional and active components.However,due to the bitter taste,it often needs to be cooked and fried before eating,which undoubtedly destroys the beneficial ingredients contained in it.Studies have found that microbial fermentation can not only prolong the shelf life and improve the flavor of food,but also remove anti-nutritional factors and increase the content of functional ingredients in food.In this paper,celery was used as the main raw material,and the processing technology of synergistic fermentation of celery with compound bacteria was studied.The results showed that the synergistic fermentation of compound bacteria significantly increased the contents of polysaccharide,citric acid,gallic acid,apigenin,luteolin(Luteolin,Lut)and vitamin C.Therefore,in the early stage of this study,two animal models were established respectively,namely 12-week high fat diet(HFD)induced obesity model and 7-day dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC)model to study the effect of FCJ on obesity and UC and its mechanism of action,aiming to provide a new healthy solution for reducing obesity and reducing the incidence of UC.In the later stage of this study,based on the fermentation of celery,the content of Lut was significantly increased,and Lut not only has a variety of pharmacological effects,but also is safe and non-toxic.Lut was used as the main core material and combined with the spray drying process to prepare a new type of feed additive-Lut microcapsule.Some studies have reported that heat stress is gradually becoming an important factor restricting the development of poultry farming.It usually caused lower growth performance and endocrine disorders in poultry,and was accompanied by tissue damage such as liver and intestines,which led to death.In view of the results of the above animal models,FCJ could effectively inhibit the excessive accumulation of fat droplets in the liver and prevent DSS from damaging the structural integrity of colon tissue.Effect and mechanism of adding Lut microcapsule in the diet on the growth performance,organ index,serum biochemical index and tissue morphology of important organs in white-feathered AA broilers under heat stress conditions were investigated.Aimed to provide an important theoretical basis for practical production and application in the future.This research mainly focused on the following 4 aspects:1.The effect of microbial fermentation on the functional and active components of celeryThis chapter used celery as raw material,Lactobacillus plantarum,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter as fermentation bacteria,and the content of flavonoids produced by fermentation was used as the detection standard.On the basis of single factor experiment,the fermentation process of FCJ was optimized by orthogonal experiment,and the content of key functional components in fermentation broth after optimization of fermentation process was analyzed.The results showed that the optimal fermentation process of FCJ was as follows:temperature was 30℃,time was 96 h,solid-liquid ratio was 3:7,and inoculum amount was 1.0%.Under the optimized process conditions,the total amount of flavonoids in FCJ reached 128.41±9.27 μg/g.At the same time,the polysaccharide,citric acid,apigenin,luteolin and vitamin C contained in FCJ were significantly more than unfermented celery juice(p<0.05),and the gallic acid and glutathione contained in FCJ also had a certain degree of increased but not significant(p>0.05).In conclusion,the fermentation process conditions could significantly increase the content of functional components in FCJ,which provided a theoretical basis for subsequent research on its probiotic function.2.The protective effect of FCJ on obesity and UCThis chapter established two mice models(obesity model and UC model)to study the effect and mechanism of FCJ on obesity and its related metabolic syndrome and UC,aimed to provide useful information for the future research and development of fermented fruits and vegetables.It also provides new health solutions for reducing the incidence of obesity and UC.In obesity model intervention experiments,FCJ could significantly inhibit HFD-induced body weight gain,prevent dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia,and alleviate NAFLD and reduce visceral fat accumulation.by regulating the expression of fat synthesis,oxidation and decomposition genes.Additionally,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that FCJ could increase the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes,and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria(Lactobacillus,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014,Faecalibaculum and Blautia),and decreased harmful bacteria(Alloprevotella and Helicobacter).In the UC model intervention test,FCJ could not only effectively inhibit DSS-induced weight loss,improve the damage of DSS to the structural integrity of colon tissue,but also maintain the balance of CD4+/CD8+T lymphocyte ratio in peripheral blood,and mediate cellular immunity to improve the body immune function.In summary,FCJ was an immunomodulatory agent with both anti-obesity and anti-enteritis by inhibiting the accumulation of fat,regulating the gut microbiota and improving the immunity of the body.3.Preparation and feeding safety of luteolin microcapsule,a functional active ingredient of celeryIn this chapter,Lut and Tb were used as composite core materials,and sodium starch octenyl succinate and maltodextrin were used as composite capsule materials to study the process conditions of preparing microcapsule by spray drying.The results showed that encapsulation efficiency of Lut microcapsule was stable to 90.03± 0.36%.At the environment of long-term(37℃,8 weeks)and short-term(65℃,10 days),the microcapsule had strong stability whether they are closed or exposed.In addition,the results of the mouse feeding safety test showed that feeding the microcapsule not only had no significant effect on the body weight,food intake,and main visceral tissue structure of the mice(p>0.05),but also significantly reduced the serum levels(the content of TC,ALT and AST)of the mice(p<0.05).In conclusion,the Lut microcapsule had the potential to become an excellent feed additive.4.The protective mechanism of luteolin microcapsule against heat stress in white feathered AA broilersThis chapter aims to study the effect and mechanism of dietary supplementation of Lut microcapsule on the performance,organ index,serum biochemical indexes,and tissue morphology of important organs in AA broilers under heat stress conditions.The test results showed that compared with the HS group,the ADFI and ADG of the CTC group and the LUT groups were significantly increased(p<0.01),while the F/G was significantly decreased(p<0.05).In addition,compared with the HS group,the liver OI of each group was also significantly lower(p<0.05).Among them,the liver OI of the LUT 750 group and the LUT 1000 group was significantly lower than that of the NT group(p<0.05).Secondly,compared with the HS group,LUT groups could effectively relieve the dyslipidemia caused by heat stress,and significantly increase the contents of HDL-C,SOD and CAT in serum(p<0.01).Compared with the moderate and mild improvement in the CTC group,the addition of Lut microcapsule could effectively prevent and alleviate the pathological damage to the tissue structure of the thymus,bursa,liver,duodenum,jejunum and ileum caused by heat stress.We found that compared with the HS group,the CTC group and the LUT groups significantly inhibited the overexpression of Hsp70,Hsp90,NF-kB p65 in the liver(p<0.001),and promoted the expression of ZO-1,Occludin,Claudin-1 in the jejunal mucosa(p<0.05).In conclusion,the addition of CTC and Lut microcapsule to the diet could both prevent and alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on the growth performance and vital organ tissue morphology of white-feathered AA broilers,and the improvement effect of Lut microcapsule was better than CTC. |
