Multiple-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Associated To Animals And Medicinal Plant Extracts Based Alternative For Their Control

Bacterial pathogens,are the oldest forms of life on earth,they are remarkably diverse and exist in surprising numbers.Bacterial pathogens are always a threat to the livestock and domestic animals due to their exposure to the contaminated environments.Therefore,the aim of this study was to detect the effect of medicinal plant extracts on multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms.Antimicrobial drugs and medicinal plant extract significantly have developed due to usage of commercial for the treatment of infectious diseases.For this purpose,we collected samples from different potential points considered to be associated with contamination,such as(nasal swab,fecal samples,teats milk,drinking water trough of lactating animals,and skin infection).Samples were collected with the use of sterile tubes and swab stick.The swab was transfer to its care,labeled,and taken to the laboratory.Freshly prepared slants of nutrient agar,Mac Conkey agar,eosin methylene blue(EMB)agar,Salmonella/Shigella agar,mannitol salt agar(MSA),and blood agar media and further conformation Catalase and a coagulase test were performed for biochemical characterization.We used pathogens isolates were subjected to antibiotic resistance and some medicinal plant screening by disk diffusion method.In addition,the resistance and susceptibility patterns of the above bacteria to different clinically significant antibiotics were investigated,and the antibacterial effects of some medicinal plants extracted in four different solvents were explored against clinical isolates,such as,Aloe vera,squaw mint,(Mentha pulegium),catnip(Nepeta cataria),lemon balm(Melissa officinalis).The results showed that six bacteria,Escherichia coli,Shigella,Salmonella,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,were isolated and identified,with the most prevalent isolate overall being E.coli;clinical isolates were resistant to ampicillin,Augmentin,cefuroxime,cefixime,tetracycline,ciprofloxacin,erythromycin,amoxicillin + clavulanic acid,with Staphylococcus aureus being resistant to a variety of a high level of resistance to antibiotics.Ethanolic extracts of medicinal plants were more effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,and ethanolic extracts of leaves and roots of medicinal plants can be used with conventional antibiotics against animal bacterial pathogens;the results of ethanolic extracts of Aloe vera,lemon balm,catnip,and essential oils showed that Peppermint oil and Lemon balm as solvents were more effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria.These results indicate that medicinal plants have antimicrobial properties and thus can be used as products for the development of antimicrobial agents and contribute to the study of the effects and specific mechanisms of action of medicinal plants.This investigation further assures that some multi-drug resistance and medicinal plants could be used for the treatment of bacterial pathogens,our present findings we recommended that medicinal plant at optimum concentration could be used as an antiseptic for prevention of some common pathogens.