The Gut Microbiota Of Giant Pandas In Wild Training And Reintroduction

Giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)is a rare and endangered species in China.Although the living conditions of wild giant pandas have been improved,habitat fragmentation still threatens the survival of wild giant pandas.Wild reintroduction of captive giant pandas is an important means of rejuvenation and expansion of isolated small populations of wild giant pandas.Intestinal microflora is the most complex and abundant symbiotic microbial ecosystem in giant panda.The composition and imbalance of its microflora structure will cause diarrhea and other diseases.Therefore,in order to further understand the role of intestinal flora in the wild-training and reintroduction of giant panda,the 16 S r DNA amplification and metagenomic sequencing were used to systematically study the intestinal flora of giant panda.The research is divided into three parts:1.Based on the bioinformatics method to reveal the influence of genetic,seasonal,living environment and age on the intestinal flora of giant panda.A total of 420 fecal samples of 53 giant pandas were collected for high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that heredity and season were the significant factors affecting the intestinal flora of giant pandas,followed by living environment and age.In the same season,the intestinal microflora of giant panda in different living environment is significantly different.For example,the dominant bacteria of wild training giant panda are Streptococcus,Clostridium and Enterobacteriaceae,while the dominant bacteria of wild giant panda are Pseudomonas,Agrobacterium and Enterobacteriaceae.Therefore,the intestinal flora of wild-training giant panda is significantly different from that of wild giant panda,but more similar to that of captive giant panda.2.Based on the bioinformatics method to reveal the dynamic changes of intestinal flora of giant panda during wild training.A total of 72 fecal samples from 6 wild-training giant pandas were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing.The results showed that the alpha diversity of the intestinal flora in wild-training giant pandas changed significantly with time.At the same time,compared with different seasons,the beta diversity of the intestinal flora among different individuals is more different.In addition,compared with the non released giant pandas after the wild-training,the intestinal flora of the released surviving giant pandas after the wild-training contains higher abundance of potential beneficial bacteria.Therefore,these beneficial bacteria may have the potential to evaluate the adaptability of wild-training giant pandas.3.52 fecal samples from wild-training to reintroduction of giant panda(Zhang Xiang)were collected.Combined with the analysis of 16 S r DNA amplification and metagenomic data,it was found that the diversity and composition of intestinal flora of Zhang Xiang was gradually similar to that of wild giant panda from the wild-training to reintroduction.In terms of intestinal flora function,the intestinal flora of giant panda Zhang Xiang after release is in a mixed mode between captive giant panda and wild giant panda.Besides,genes related to Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism pathways are enriched in the intestinal flora of wild pandas and Zhang Xiang after release,especially those related to styrene degradation pathways.Therefore,during the process from wild-training to reintroduction,Zhang Xiang’s intestinal flora showed adaptive changes to the environment.To sum up,through the study of wild-training and reintroduction of the intestinal flora of giant panda,it will provide theoretical basis for the future wild-training and post-release monitoring of captive giant panda,as well as provide reference for the study of the composition and function of the intestinal flora.