The Effect And Choice Of Policy Tools For Cultivated Land Intensive Use

Under the situation of the contradiction between human and land and the shortage of cultivated land reserve resources,the scarcity of land resources makes the intensive use of cultivated land resources an inevitable choice for China’s social and economic development.Intensive use of cultivated land is a way of cultivated land development under the influence of human beings,which has very important practical significance for ensuring national food security,ecological security,maintaining social stability and promoting sustainable economic and social development.Policy tools as an important means to achieve the intensive use of cultivated land,in the current need to always adhere to the strictest cultivated land protection system and the strictest land saving system policy requirements,the formulation and improvement of policy tools for the intensive use of cultivated land can effectively promote the intensive use of cultivated land resources.In view of this,based on the existing literature research and the actual development of cultivated land intensive use,this paper focuses on the effect and selection of cultivated land intensive use policy tools.Firstly,based on the analysis of the evolution of cultivated land intensive use policy,this paper divides the evolution process of cultivated land intensive use policy tools,analyzes the basic characteristics of the choice of policy tools in each stage,and analyzes and evaluates the choice of policy tools.At the same time,the wavelet neural network model is used to quantitatively evaluate the intensive use of cultivated land from 1999 to 2017,and the spatiotemporal change characteristics of the intensive use of cultivated land are analyzed.Secondly,based on the panel data of China’s 30 provinces(except Tibet)from 1999 to 2017,this paper uses System GMM Estimation and panel vector autoregressive model to empirically analyze the dynamic effect direction and contribution degree of policy tools on cultivated land intensive use,and tests the mediating role of technological innovation and agricultural industrial structure in the process of policy tools affecting cultivated land intensive use.Finally,this paper uses the spatial Durbin model to analyze the spatial effect of policy tools on the intensive use of cultivated land and its spatial effect decomposition,and tests the regulatory role of fiscal decentralization in the process of policy tools affecting the intensive use of cultivated land.Based on researches above,the main conclusions are as follows.First,since the reform and opening up,the evolution of the policy tool selection of China’s intensive use of cultivated land has mainly experienced three stages:dominated by command and control means(1978-1985),intervened by market economy means(1986-2007),and then participated by multiple means(2008-present).From the evolution of the choice of policy tools for the intensive use of cultivated land,it is found that the legislative orientation of policy tools has changed from"obligation standard" to "right standard";The implementation types of policy instruments have changed from simple majority to compound diversity;The role of policy tools has changed from government indicator management to indirect planning management.Secondly,in the trend of time evolution,the average of intensive utilization of cultivated land in China has been on the rise from 0.2261 in 1999 to 0.3643 in 2017,with an annual growth rate of 3.22%.In the spatial distribution pattern,the spatial distribution of intensive utilization of cultivated land in 30 provinces(except Tibet)shows obvious regional heterogeneity.The provinces of high intensive type mainly distributed in the eastern coastal regions,the higher intensive provinces mainly distributed in the east central regions,while the provinces with moderate intensive and low intensive types mainly distributed in the central and western regions.Third,from the national perspective,the control tools have negative inhibition on the intensive use of cultivated land and then the positive promotion of "U" type relationship.Market and information tools play a significant role in promoting intensive utilization of cultivated land.In terms of the regional,the central region control tools can significantly inhibit the promotion of intensive use of cultivated land;the market-based and information tools in the eastern and central regions will significantly promote the intensive use of cultivated land.The transmission mechanism of intermediate variables shows that the masking effect of technological innovation can inhibit the negative impact of controlled tools on intensive utilization of cultivated land.The positive intermediary effect of technological innovation promote the positive effect of market-oriented tools on intensive utilization of cultivated land.The masking effect of agricultural industrial structure not only improves the negative influence of control tools on intensive use of cultivated land,but also suppresses the promotion of information tools on intensive utilization of cultivated land.In addition,from the national perspective,the contribution of different types of policy tools to intensive use of cultivated land is from to small,which is controlled,information and market-oriented.From the regional level,the contribution of policy tools to intensive utilization of cultivated land in the eastern region is from large to small in order:market,information and control;the central region is in turn:control type,market type and information type;in the western region,the contribution degree to intensive utilization of cultivated land is from large to small,and the western region is in turn:control type,information type and market type.Fourth,at the national level,the control tools inhibit the improvement of intensive utilization level of cultivated land in neighboring areas;market-oriented tools promote the intensive utilization level of cultivated land in the region and neighboring areas;information tools promote the intensive utilization of cultivated land in the region.From the view of region,the control tools in the eastern and central regions have a significant negative effect on the intensive utilization of cultivated land in the region,and control tools in the central regions have a significant negative spillover effect on the intensive utilization level of cultivated land in the neighboring areas.Generally speaking,the direct effect coefficient of market-oriented tools on intensive utilization of cultivated land in the region is significantly positive,and the impact on the intensive utilization level of cultivated land in neighboring areas is also significant positive.The direct effect of information tools on intensive utilization of cultivated land in central regions is significantly positive,while the indirect effect of information tools in eastern region is significantly positive.The paper studies the regulation effect of fiscal decentralization,and finds that fiscal decentralization weaken the negative impact of the control tools on the intensive use of cultivated land,but will strengthen the negative impact on the level of intensive utilization of cultivated land in other areas.Fiscal decentralization promote the positive impact of market-oriented tools on intensive use of cultivated land in the region and neighboring areas.The positive regulation effect of fiscal decentralization also affect the positive effect of information tools on intensive utilization of cultivated land in the region.