| Since the advent of the Industrial Revolution,countries worldwide have extensively relied on fossil fuels to fuel economic expansion and facilitate industrial progress.However,with the transition into a post-pandemic era in recent years,the dynamics of international politics and economics have become more complex.Consequently,there has been a significant increase in the complexity of energy supply and demand,leading to increased volatility.This volatility can be attributed to various factors,including epidemics,natural disasters,diplomatic tensions,and conflicts.The current strain on the availability of fossil fuels is exerting significant pressure on global emergency energy reserves.Consequently,there is a growing interest among discerning individuals in the emerging generation of clean energy sources,and solar power is a prominent example.At present,despite the remarkable advancements made in approaching the theoretical limits of up to 30%,there are still obstacles that need to be overcome in order to make commercial implementation viable.Perovskite batteries are prone to sudden declines in efficiency and even failure decomposition due to changes in the external environment.Therefore,its long-term stability,humidity stability,and thermal stability need to be improved.Considering that perovskite solar cells are composed of multiple layers of thin films stacked together as a whole,any layer affects the performance of the final battery device.Therefore,in this paper,the interface regulation and process of both the transport layer and the light absorption layer of perovskite solar cells are discussed as follows:（1）Modification of the ZnO electron transport layer and its impact on the photovoltaic performance of the device.To address the issue of decreased performance parameters in battery devices when ZnO is used as the electron transport layer,a simple chemical water bath deposition method is employed to treat the surface of ZnO nanorods with TiCl4 and apply a layer of TiOX.By comparing the battery performance parameters before and after TiOXmodification,this study discusses the issues related to the electron transport layer of ZnO nanorods array.Additionally,it summarizes the reasons behind the improved efficiency and stability of the device after TiCl4 treatment.There are two main reasons for the improvement of battery efficiency.Firstly,TiOX can coat ZnO,passivating the defect sites and alkaline compounds on the ZnO surface.Secondly,the TiOXmodification fills the pores between the ZnO nanorod arrays,providing a flatter base for subsequent perovskite deposition.This reduces the occurrence of pinhole defects and improves the film forming quality of the perovskite layer.The stability improvement is mainly due to the fact that the resulting TiOX thin layer effectively prevents direct contact between the ZnO and perovskite layers.（2）Preparation of a multifunctional layer of inorganic nanoparticles and its application in solar cell devices.In order to simultaneously passivate defects,broaden the spectrum utilization range,and adjust the morphology of the transport layer,we designed and synthesized core-shell structured NaErF4:0.5%Tm@NaLuF4 nanoparticles（NE@NL）.These NE@NL served as an intermediate buffer layer between the FTO electrode and the oxide electron transport layer.Improve the efficiency and stability of the battery.Through the characterization of the material and device properties,it has been found that the addition of NE@NL not only enhances the device’s charge extraction and transfer ability,but also partially mitigates the defects in the perovskite layer.The device efficiency has been optimized and the stability has also been improved.At AM1.5G,the photoelectric conversion efficiency（PCE）is 16.73%,and the short circuit current density(Jsc)is 26.94 m A/cm2,which is 9.20%and 10.47%higher than the best NE@NL-free devices（15.32%and 24.12 m A/cm2）,respectively.At the same time,the utilization of NE@NL significantly improved the long-term stability of the device,with the device maintaining 96.29%of its initial efficiency after 4 weeks of storage.（3）Electrodeposition and post-doping of perovskite films at low voltage and room temperature.An improved method for surface sintering perovskite thin films at low temperature and low voltage electrodeposition was developed.The working electrode was made of a mesoporous TiO2（mp-TiO2）electron transport layer,while the opposite electrode was a platinum sheet.The deposition process involved two steps:first,the Pblayer was deposited,followed by the MAI layer.Through the regulation of deposition process conditions,the goal of uniformly depositing a MAPbI3 perovskite layer on mp-TiO2was achieved at room temperature.The influence of deposition conditions of Pband MAI on the preparation of the perovskite layer and the performance of the battery was analyzed and summarized.On this basis,we successfully achieved post-film doping of Br and FA using a simple soaking method,which effectively enhanced the efficiency and stability of the battery.After 8 weeks of storage in dry air,the device still maintained an initial efficiency of 87%.The untreated device,under the same conditions,retained only 77%efficiency.（4）Regulating the ratio of Br and I can enhance the stability of CsPbI3-XBr Xperovskite solar cells.In theory,by replacing the organic ion MA+in the traditional perovskite with the inorganic ion Cs+,it is possible to avoid the chain decomposition caused by the organic components and improve the stability of the battery.However,the stability of CsPbI3devices still needs improvement due to variations in particle size within the lattice.By doping Br,a series of CsPbIXBr3-X perovskite films were prepared,which not only significantly enhanced the stability of the device but also improved the energy level matching and photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device.After adjusting the composition ratio of perovskite,we prepared a series of CsPbI1.8Br1.2 perovskite films with different deposition parameters based on the optimal stoichiometric ratio.We then determined the most suitable deposition parameters.On this basis,we also replace the organic hole transport layer Spiro-OMe TAD with graphite,which is cheap and easy to make.Additionally,we enhance the stability of the device by using an all-inorganic design. |
